ANALYSIS OF THE MOTION OF SATELLITES

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APRAJITA CHANDEL (08564) DHIRAJ PATHANIA(08464) PRIYANKA CHOUDHARY(08467) NAVNEET THAKUR(08466) NIT HAMIRPUR(H.P.)

Satellites are of wide importance in our daily life. Today, all advancements are dependent on our surveys and a large no. of surveys are dependent on satellites. Motion of satellites in space includes the concept of orbital velocity, types of orbits, escape velocity etc.

Satellite is generally a celestial body which revolve around other such body generally heavier than it. For instance, Moon revolves around the earth, so it is a satellite of Earth.

TYPES OF SATELLITES Based on origin, satellites are of two types:  Natural Satellites  Artificial Satellites Further classification:  Polar satellites/Geostatio nary satellites  Communication satellites  Spying satellites

An orbit is the path in which satellite moves. An orbit may be circular, elliptical, parabolic or even hyperbolic. But mostly circular or elliptical orbit is preffered because in these cases we can make use of natural gravitational force to drive satellite in its orbit.

 GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT  POLAR ORBITS  WALKING ORBITS  SUN SYNCHRONOUS ORBITS  MOLNIYA ORBITS  HOHMANN TRANSFER ORBITS

1.THE LAW OF ELLIPSE 2.THE LAW OF EQUAL AREAS 3.THE LAW OF HARMONIES

The paths of the planets about the sun are elliptical in shape, with the centre of sun being located at one focus.

An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the sun of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time.

The ratio of squares of periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun.

The launchof a satellite consists of a period of powered flight during which the vehicle is  lifted above the Earth’s atmosphere and  accelerated to orbital velocity by rocket or launch vehicle.

It is that velocity which makes the satellite to remain in its orbit by utilizing planet’s gravitational pull as centripetal acceleration.

It is defined as the particular velocity which is able to set a particle free from gravitational field of the planet.

The orbital velocity provided to it less than escape velocity for that planet The effect of gravitational force of outer celestial bodies is also utilized to counterbalance the effect of gravitational attraction of planet.

Reasons for satellite failure are: Defects in satellite launching Defects in satellite launching Hohmann Transfer Hohmann Transfer Satellite failure in mission orbit Satellite failure in mission orbit

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