7/11/2016SB4a1 Ecology Biotic Relationships

Habitat vs. Niche  Habitat-is the place a plant or animal lives  Niche is how an organism lives within its habitat Includes:  Food (type eaten)  Abiotic conditions (climate)  Behavior (time of day active) 7/11/2016SB4a2

Competitive Exclusion  Competitive exclusion states that no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.  Can result in:  Niche partitioning- niche divided  Evolutionary response- diverged evolution 7/11/2016SB4a3

Ecological Equivalents  Ecological equivalents are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geological regions. 7/11/2016SB4a4

7/11/2016SB4a5 Biotic Relationships  Relationships among living organisms 3 main types  Competition  Predation  Symbiosis

7/11/2016SB4a6 Competition  The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals Resource = limiting factors  Food  Water  Space  Shelter

Competition Continued  2 types of competition Intraspecific competition  Competition between individuals of the same species Interspecific Competition  Competition between individuals of different species 7/11/2016SB4a7

7/11/2016SB4a8 Competition continued  Interspecific Competition Resource Partitioning  One species will out compete another if they are in the same niche  Therefore species separate out their resources (partition the resources)  Example: different bird species in one tree  One will live near the top, one near the bottom  One will live near the trunk, one near the outer edges

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7/11/2016SB4a10 Predation  Predation = one organism feeds on another organism  Predator – the organism doing the feeding  Prey – the organism being eaten  Predator-Prey Relationships Lots of prey, lots of predator Few prey, few predators

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Symbiosis  Relationship in which 2 dissimilar organisms live together in close association 3 types  Parasitism  Commensalism  Mutualism 7/11/2016SB4a13

7/11/2016SB4a14 Symbiosis Continued  Parasitism Parasite – organism obtaining the nutrients Host – organism in which the parasite is taking the nutrients from Parasite benefits, host is harmed Example: tapeworms, fleas, ticks, cuckoo birds

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7/11/2016SB4a16 Symbiosis continued  Commensalism One organism benefits, the other not harmed or helped Example: plants that grow on trees Example: bird hitches a ride on the back of another animal

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7/11/2016SB4a18 Symbiosis continued  Mutualism Both organisms helped by the relationship Example: Sea Anemone and Clown Fish Example: Cattle Birds and Cattle