ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 MAX IV 3 GeV Ring Commissioning Pedro F. Tavares & Åke Andersson, on behalf of the whole MAX IV team.

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Summary ● The MAX IV Facility ● The MAX IV 3 GeV ring ● Commissioning Results ● Conclusions – Next Steps

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Conceptual Basis of the MAX IV Design Scientific Case calls for high brightness radiation over a wide spectral and time range: IR to Hard R- rays, Short X-Ray Pulses. Need for high brightness: low emittance and optimized insertion devices. This is hard to achieve in a single machine: higher electron beam energy  harder photons lower electron beam energy  softer photons One size does not fit all !

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 The MAX IV Approach ● Different machines for different uses: A high energy ring with ultra-low emittance for hard X-ray users. A low emittance low energy ring for soft radiation users A LINAC based source for generating short pulses and allowing for future development of FEL source.

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Annika Nyberg, MAX IV-laboratoriet, 2012 MAX IV – an overview Linear Accelerator 3 GeV Storage Ring 1.5 GeV SR Short Pulse Facility

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 MAX IV 3 GeV ring- An Integrated Solution MBA Lattice Ultra-low emittance robust, high stability. large momentum aperture Large Number of Magnets Small Magnet Apertures Wake- Fields Low RF frequency Full Energy Injector LINAC: Short Pulses Long Bunches Landau Cavities Compact Magnet Design. High precision, High vibration frequencies Narrow vacuum Chambers Multi- purpose Strong Magnets IBS Low Vacuum Conductance High Heat Load Density Copper Chambers 100 % NEG Coating

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 The MAX IV 3 GeV ring Lattice 7-bend achromat 20 periods Picture MAX IV DDR Matching Cells Unit Cells

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 The MAX IV 3 GeV ring Lattice Matching Cells Unit Cells

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 MAX IV 3 GeV Ring Commissioning Timeline ● 2015/08/11: Beam observed at the end of the LINAC-to-Ring transport line. ● 2015/08/25: First turn in the ring. ● 2015/09/15: First stored beam. ● 2015/10/08: First demonstration of stacking: 4 mA stored beam current. ● 2015/10/22: 20 mA stored current ● 2015/11/02: First light in Diagnostic Beamline

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Early Commissioning Results ● Beam observed at the end of TR3 and into the ring. M1 2015/08/11

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Threading the beam – first turn – many turns 2015/08/ /08/27 3 passes 35 passes 2015/08/25 All correctors OFF

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Threading the beam – first turn – many turns 2015/08/ /08/27 3 passes 35 passes 2015/08/25 All correctors OFF

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 First Stored Beam Injected beam Injection Stored beam 2 seconds after previous injection pulse Kicker Current Revolution period 2015/09/15

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Capture and Bunching 2015/09/23 First pass 500 MHz from Chopper 100 turns 150 turns 175 turns 200 turns

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Beam capture seen on DCCT/Button Trf 0.5 mA/0.9 nC 0.12 mA

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Synchrotron Tune and Cavity Phasing At estimated 480 kV (two cavities), fs= 540 Hz

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Synchrotron Tune and Cavity Phasing Phasing three cavities; fs= 730 Hz with proper phasing.

ESLS Workshop Nov /10/08: First Demonstration of Beam Stacking

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Top-up and lifetime at 19 mA

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Vacuum chamber (NEG) conditioning

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Observations with Stored Beam Hor. Dispersion Δf=150 Hz Vertical Integer Tune

ESLS Workshop Nov /11/02: First Light

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Beam line inside ring tunnel

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Sigma polarized SR, nm, SRW calculation (left) and measured image (right). The simulation is done for ε x = 320 pm rad, β y = 1.5 m. Both figures show a 2 x 2 mm^2 area of the image plane. The fringe pattern is too weak to be visible. Optical magnification of m=-2.28 is taken into account in the SRW model Horizontal opening angle: 6 mrad Vertical opening angle: 8 mrad Exposure time: 2.9 ms First measurements (J. Breunlin)

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Horizontal intensity profile of imaged sigma polarized SR. Due to the 6 mrad horizontal opening angle the fringe pattern is not as pronounced as it could be, but easier to understand and to calculate. We will try to measure more accurately with larger hor. opening angle and at longer wavelengths.

ESLS Workshop Nov 2015 Next immediate steps ● Further cavity conditioning ● Vacuum conditioning ● Detailed linear optics characterization ● Beam Emittance Measurements ● Harmonic Cavity Commissioning ● Increase current