ESP

ESP The way in which English varies according to its use in particular situations => English for Special/Specific Purposes (vs General English/Everyday English) examples...

Language used in technical communication, in formal speech, business letters, texts written for specific purposes and similar specific uses.

ESP is classified in terms of Field of discourse =>shared vocabulary Purpose (functional tenor) Description, report, exposition, instruction, argumentation MEDIUM: ESP is more strongly oriented towards written forms

The complete grammar of General English belongs to ESP Same processes of morphology and word formation The selection of vocabulary is influenced by the field Terminology is at least partially standardised to avoid ambiguity Special visual elements may be employed. English is selected, restricted, special

Clarity Clarity Precision Precision Conciseness Conciseness It is generally believed that these features produce morphosyntactic characteristics among which we are going to treat the following: It is generally believed that these features produce morphosyntactic characteristics among which we are going to treat the following: Passive verb structures Passive verb structures Premodification Premodification Monosemous terminology Monosemous terminology Absence of Metaphorical meaning Absence of Metaphorical meaning

Passive verb structures In most cases if you have to talk or write about something in a specific context, you are more interested in highlighting the effects or the results of an action rather than the person or the fact which determined it. In most cases if you have to talk or write about something in a specific context, you are more interested in highlighting the effects or the results of an action rather than the person or the fact which determined it. In such cases you tend to depersonalise the discourse by recurring to impersonal form. In such cases you tend to depersonalise the discourse by recurring to impersonal form. Passive verb structures are frequent in business texts and in medical texts for the above mentioned reasons. Passive verb structures are frequent in business texts and in medical texts for the above mentioned reasons.

Premodification English ‘left-handed sentence structure’, particularly evident in adj+noun groups: a green car, a large nose, a beautiful girl, a boring book, etc. English ‘left-handed sentence structure’, particularly evident in adj+noun groups: a green car, a large nose, a beautiful girl, a boring book, etc. we may also add details to a noun by employing another noun or a verb or an adverb as a premodifier: apple tree, children playground, sleeping dog, rising sun, after-shave (cream). we may also add details to a noun by employing another noun or a verb or an adverb as a premodifier: apple tree, children playground, sleeping dog, rising sun, after-shave (cream). we may premodify not only nouns but even adjs (dark brown, sugar-free), verbs (download, make-believe), adverbs (stand off). we may premodify not only nouns but even adjs (dark brown, sugar-free), verbs (download, make-believe), adverbs (stand off).

=> creation of COMPOUND WORDS => creation of COMPOUND WORDS a compound word is a word formed by two different and autonomous words which once put together create a new meaning. a compound word is a word formed by two different and autonomous words which once put together create a new meaning. If you have a look at the names of financial products you will notice that almost all the financial products carry a compounded name. If you have a look at the names of financial products you will notice that almost all the financial products carry a compounded name.

If you have a look at the names of new jobs in any field which is experiencing fast development such as media communication, marketing or finance, you will find that most of them are compounds as well. If you have a look at the names of new jobs in any field which is experiencing fast development such as media communication, marketing or finance, you will find that most of them are compounds as well. Let’s take a page of job ads from a newspaper: almost every job which is advertised carries a compound name Let’s take a page of job ads from a newspaper: almost every job which is advertised carries a compound name

From the syntactic point of view premodification enables us to create shorter sentences. Thanks to p. you avoid relative clauses From the syntactic point of view premodification enables us to create shorter sentences. Thanks to p. you avoid relative clauses Generally speaking premodification implies an increase in conciseness but a decrease in clarity because you take less time to read but more time to understand as it is as if you had to read again going backward in order to understand the meaning of the sentence. Generally speaking premodification implies an increase in conciseness but a decrease in clarity because you take less time to read but more time to understand as it is as if you had to read again going backward in order to understand the meaning of the sentence.