Chapter One, Section One Pages 80-89

 Marco Polo  Spent 17 years in China working for Kublai Khan  Hernan Cortes  Destroyed the Aztec Empire  Astrolabe  Measured the position of the stars  Christopher Columbus  Believed he could reach Asia by sailing West across Atlantic  Missions  Religious communities that included a town, farmland and a church  Crusades  Series of holy wars that increased trade

 In 1217, sailed from Europe to Asia  Spent 17 years in China  Worked for Kublai Khan

 Crusades increased trade between Europe and Middle East  Merchants made fortunes from trade in goods from China  Mercantilism: more goods equals more riches

 Astrolabe: instrument that measured the position of the stars  Compass: determined sailor’s ships’ position  Stern Rudder: allowed ships to sail into the wind

 1420: Prince Henry set up center for exploration  Explored the coast of Africa  Bartholomieu Dias  Vasco de Gama

 Sailed West to Asia  Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria  Sighted land in Bahamas  New continent  Found gold, spices in Hispaniola

 Spanish employed Portuguese mariners  Named Pacific Ocean  Circumnavigated the globe  Killed in Phillippines

 Given right to explore  Gave Spanish crown part of any gold, silver

 1519: conquered Tenochtitlan  Empire of the Aztec  Conquered Aztec Empire by:  Guns and cannons  Horses and large dogs  Disease (smallpox)

 Ponce de Leon  Landed in Florida in 1513  First Spanish settlement in US  St. Augustine  Looking for “Fountain of Youth”

 Wanted to profit from trade/colonization  Hoped to find Northwest Passage

 England and Spain competed  Sir Francis Drake  Conquered Spanish Armada  England’s strength: maritime power