Communicable Disease

Communicable Diseases (Infectious Diseases) Caused by organisms or viruses that enter and multiply within the human body. Microorganisms and viruses that cause disease are called PATHOGENS.

Communicable Diseases Caused by Bacteria Strep throat Lyme disease Anthrax Tuberculosis Cholera Diphtheria Typhoid Fever Staph Infection Food Poisoning

Communicable Diseases Caused by Virus Common cold Hepatitis Measles Mononucleosis Mumps Polio Rabies Rubella West Nile Virus Influenza

Communicable Diseases Caused by Fungi Athlete’s foot Ringworm Fungal Meningitis

Communicable Diseases Caused by Protozoans Malaria Amebic Dysentery African sleeping sickness

The Spread of Pathogens Infected person- direct or indirect contact

The Spread of Pathogens Infected animals- bites

The Spread of Pathogens Contaminated objects -doorknobs, eating utensils, towels

The Spread of Pathogens Contaminated food- chicken, beef, eggs, improper canning

The Spread of Pathogens Contaminated soil- tetanus lives in soil, can enter your body through cuts on your skin

The Spread of Pathogens Contaminated water- disrupted water systems, contaminated drinking water

How Does Our Body Defend Us Against Disease? Saliva and tears Mucous membranes Cilia Skin Stomach Acid

The Immune System Your body’s most sophisticated line of defense against pathogens. Works by producing a separate set of weapons for each kind of pathogen it encounters.

The Immune System T-CELLS – Killer T: Destroy any body cell that has been infected by a pathogen. – HELPER T: produce chemicals that stimulate other T cells and B cells to fight off infection. – SUPPRESSOR T: produce chemicals that “turn off” other immune system cells when an infection has been brought under control.

The Immune System B CELLS : Produce antibodies. ANTIBODIES : Proteins that attach to the surface of pathogens or to the toxins produced by pathogens. The binding action keeps the pathogen from harming the body. Once an infection is overcome, your B cells stop producing antibodies. They “remember” how to produce them. Circulate in your body for years. The “memory” of B cells is why you develop immunity.

Passive & Active Immunity PASSIVE IMMUNITY Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from a source other than one’s own immune system. Temporary Breast milk for babies Also artificially acquired ACTIVE IMMUNITY Immunity that your own immune system creates. Comes from having a disease or receiving a immunization or vaccine.

VACCINATIONS Contain small amounts of dead or modified pathogens or their toxins. Causes your immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen, as if you had actually been infected. May receive a booster. May receive additional immunizations because of your work, places you travel to, or exposure to an unusual pathogen. May be receive additional immunizations because of risk factors.

HOMEWORK: Parent Interview

Preventing Communicable Diseases Poster: Create a poster that will influence others to take control over some risks for communicable disease. See Rubric for Directions