7.1 The Early Years OBJECTIVE: Identify the strategies of the Patriots and Britain Understand the characteristics of the war in the Northern States and the Middle States

Compare and Contrast Loyalists and Patriots

Loyalists vs. Patriots Maybe 1/3 of colonists were loyalists Loyalists were stronger in the South Loyalists included members of King’s govt. in colonies, such as judges, governors, etc. AND many ordinary colonists. Perhaps 1/3 to 1/2 of the colonists were patriots = calling for independence. Patriots tended to come from those who wanted more economic independence. *Many Americans tried to stay neutral, esp. Quakers. African-Americans fought on both sides. Native Americans tended to side with the British.

What were some of the challenges General George Washington and the Continental Army faced? Who helped to overcome these difficulties? Page 194-5

The Fall of New York and Valley Forge July 1776, Washington, with a weak and disorganized force of 23,000, forced to retreat from NY after fleet of 500+ ships and over 32,000 British soldiers and Hessian and Prussian mercenaries lands on Long Island and is flanked repeatedly. (*=all terrible losses for Americans) *Battle of Long Island *Battle of Brooklyn *Battle of Kips Bay *Battle of Fort Lee *Battle of Fort Washington (Victories at Trenton and Princeton) *Battle for Philadelphia

The American Crisis, by Thomas Paine “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” – Thomas Paine, The American Crisis What is inaccurate about this photo?

What was the British strategy for the War in the North in 1777? Why did it fail?

FALL OF 1777 After the fall of New York, British Gen. Burgoyne pushes south, planning to meet Gen Clinton at Albany, to cut the rebel colonies in half. Burgoyne Clinton

What was the role of Joseph Brant and the Mohawks?

BATTLE OF SARATOGA Benedict Arnold vs. Burgoyne KEY IDEA: Control the water, Control the land BRITISH OBJECTIVE: Divide the colonies by controlling Lake Champlain and the Hudson REBEL STRATEGY: Delay the British link-up, using winter as an ally. TURNING POINT: MAJOR British defeat RESULT: Americans lost the battle for Canada, but helped win the war by delaying the British, brings France in on side of the Americans!! NOTE: Arnold latter betrays the cause, jealous and petulant

Battle of Long Island

Primary Documents of the Battle of Long Island Letters of Sergeant Sands Extract of Maryland Gazette Toll of the Battle

The contribution and sacrifice of the Maryland Line at the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolution On August 27, 1776, some four hundred Maryland troops led a rear- guard action to check the British advance and protect the retreat of Washington's greatly outnumbered army. The Marylanders launched six counter attacks at the Cortelyou House. During the last attack, Cornwallis' troops were reinforced and the Marylanders were swept back to the Gowanus Canal. After the battle, 256 Marylanders were buried in a mass grave that is located a few blocks from the park. It is for this heroic action that Maryland became known as the Old Line State. “Good God, what brave fellows I must this day lose.” –George Washington. ONLY 9 men, including the leader of the MD forces, Mordecai Gist, survived.