Nathiqa Azira binti Utoh Joehann Prof Dr. Nuraihan binti Mat Daud Introduction to Linguistics

aaaa branch of linguistics that studies and describes patterns of word formation.

TTTThe official language of South Korea and North Korea. IIIIt was written with adapted Chinese characters called hanja. IIIIt is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax.

SSSSino-Korean or Hanja-eo refers to the set of words in the Korean language vocabulary that originated from or were influenced by hanja. SSSSino-Korean words today make up about 60% of the Korean vocabulary. EEEExample: 두부 (dubu), 豆腐 (Dòufu) in Chinese

Pronouns Adjectives Numerals Verbs Nouns Particles CopulaPrenounsAdverbs

CompoundingBorrowing

A derivational process is defined as the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word. Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection.

Types of Derivatives Example Derivational prefixes 맏아들 ‘madadeul’ = First son 맏 = first + 아들 = son Derivational suffixes 장사꾼 ‘ja ŋ sakkun’ = Business man 장사 = business + 꾼 = doer Derivational from verbs 벌이 ‘beori’ = Income 벌 = earn + 이 = act

Compound words are words that add together to make a new word. It occurs when two or more words are joined together to make them one word.

Types of Compounding Example Compound of Nouns: Noun + Noun Noun + Genitive ‘s’ 손목 ‘seon-mok’ = Wrist (hand-neck) 물개 ‘mul-kay’ = Seal (water’s-dog) Compound of Verbs: Noun + Verb (sub+pred) Noun + Verb (obj+pred) 빛나다 ‘pich-nata’ = Shine (light-gives off) 힘스다 ‘him-sseuda’ = Try hard (strength-use) Compound of Adjectives: Noun + Adjective (sub+pred) Reduplicative 배부르다 ‘bae-buleuta’ = Be (stomach-) full 크나크다 ‘keu-na keu-da’ = Be huge Compound of Adverbs: Noun + Noun 오늘날 ‘o-neulnal’ = Nowadays (today-day)

Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language. A loanword can also be called a borrowing. AcronymBlendingClipping Back formation

Types of Borrowing Example Backformation (English) Deletion of Inflectional affix /s/ Addition of inflectional suffix 하다 / 했다 (formal) 하이힐 ‘hai-hileu’ (High heels) 쇼핑하다 ‘syo-ping-ha-da’ (Shopping) Clipping (English) Front clipping Back clipping 도저 ‘do-jo’ (Bulldozer) 아파트 ‘a-pateu’ (Apartment) Blending 컴푸터피아 ‘kom-pu-to-pi-ah’ (Computer + Phobia) Acronym and Abbreviation 브이아이피 (VIP )

Inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. Expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change.

Types of Inflection Example Plural nouns 아기들이 ‘aege-deul’ = Babies Present tense 나는 친구를 만난다 ‘naneun chinggureul mannanda’ = I meet a friend Past tense 나는 친구를 만났다 ‘naneun chinggureul mannatda’ = I met a friend Future tense 나는 먹겠다 ‘naneun meokgetda’ = I will eat