Accelerator Operations and GARD Sergei Nagaitsev OHEP Budget Briefing 4 March 2015

Scope of this Presentation Accelerator Operations Proton Improvement Plan Muon Campus AIPs and GPP General Accelerator R&D 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing2

Fermilab Experiments’ Schedule 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing3

FY16/17 – Priority Summary Accelerator Operations –Ramp up beam power to 700 kW for NOvA, achieve performance metrics, and support full experimental program; –Achieve 15 Hz beam pulse repetition rate as soon as possible by carrying out PIP improvements; –Complete the Muon Campus construction in FY17, on budget and on schedule; –Commission the g-2 experiment in FY17; –Make the SBN accelerator operations more robust: Vigorous program for target and horn spares and testing; Study of second horn: on-going –Continue organizational and workforce improvements. 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing4

FY 16/17 – Priority Summary (GARD) General Accelerator R&D –Focus on High-Field Magnets, High-Power Targets, MW beams, SRF, Accelerator Science; –Maintain a healthy Accelerator PhD program; –Establish closer ties with universities; –Workforce development, training, USPAS; –Complete MICE. Awaiting the GARD sub-panel report; 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing5

Accelerator Performance for NuMI 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing6 Started delivering protons to NuMI in 2005 – ~1.55e21 in 7 years; NO v A goal is 3.6e21 – Most intense high energy neutrino beam in the world

POT for NuMI in FY15: expect ~3e20 POT 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing7

FY15 progress on PEMP goal, 400 kW 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing8 A 60-sec test, 425 kW 2+6 slip-stacking CERN SPS record: 423 kW JPARC: 320 kW

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing9 PIP Goals and Scope (Established in 2011 ) Goals: Specific to the issues surrounding the FNAL Proton Source Increase the beam repetition rate from the present ~7 Hz to 15 Hz Eliminate major reliability vulnerabilities and maintain reliability at present levels (>85%) at the full repetition rate Eliminate major obsolescence issues Increase the proton source throughput, with a goal of reaching > 2E17 protons/hour Ensure a useful operating life of the proton source through at least 2025 – changed to 2030 last year. Scope: Upgrading (or replacing) components to increase the Booster repetition rate Replacing components that have (or will have) poor reliability Replacing components that are (or will soon become) obsolete Studying beam dynamics to diagnose performance limitations and develop mitigation strategies Implementing operational changes to reduce beam loss

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing10 PIP scope change Extend Booster operations to 2030 Linac Operations till 2023 Consider transition to PIP II

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing11 PIP – Updated Budget FY10 Actual (A) FY11 Actual FY12 Actual FY13 Actual FY14 Lab Plan FY15 Lab Plan FY16 Lab Plan FY17 Lab Plan FY18 Lab Plan FY19 Lab PlanTOTAL PIP FY13 Plan SWF $4,421$5,805$5,974$4,746 M&S $2,655$5,195$6,026$7,254 **SUM DOLLARS $4,000$12000$7,000$11,000$12,000$11,500$14,500$11,000$7,000$90,000 FTE Estimated reductions to profile based on PIP-II redirection (B) ($2,000) ($6,000)($3,000)$0($13,000) Estimated additions to profile to meet amended goals.$0.50 $1,000 PIP Present Funds to completion $10,000 $9,000$8,000$7,000$44,000 PIP new guidance was recently provide and shown below – an updated schedule will reflect funding/work plan. The alignment will result in a final cost for PIP going from ~90 M$ to ~78 M$. Items not originally include in PIP but now being put into the plan: Booster Feeder (working with engineering on options) Booster Sump (selected failed units and discharge system) Klystrons removed

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing12 Aligned to AD operations and resources –Official start date FY12 An initial total budget of ~90 M dollars largely over 5 years –A small number of activities have been extended Adjustments to resources Alignment to program planning (ex. reduction of klystron installation) PIP = Campaign to improve the Proton Source (Injector, Linac, Booster)

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing13 Additional Labor Added East Gallery Completed - running 15 Hz tests Goal is to have all installed stations (17) refurbished before May 2015 PIP – Booster Cavity Refurbishment When PIP completed, Booster will have 22 stations capable of 15 Hz operations. Summer Shutdown Starts Updated February 16, 2015 by K Gollwitzer

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing14 Range: lower to upper bound Target: (2 * lower + upper)/3 metric used in previous years NuMI (e20)BNB (e20)g-2 (e20) FY16 Range4.2 – – 2.10 FY16 Target FY17 Range4.7 – – – 0.85 FY17 Target POT Projections: FY16 & FY17 Under consideration by the Proton PMG!

Muon Campus Program The Muon Campus Program provides infrastructure and improvements needed to support both Mu2e and g-2 Based on reusing former Antiproton Source infrastructure Made up of 4 Accelerator Improvement Projects (AIPs) and 3 General Plant Projects (GPPs) Total of $53M budgeted, $25M obligated to date. Work needed for g-2 will be completed in 2016; remaining work for Mu2e completed in /04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing

Muon Campus Accelerator Improvement Projects Recycler RF AIP provides re-bunching of proton beam for g-2 and Mu2e –20% complete, assembling RF cavities, 35% contingency on remaining work Beam Transport AIP provides extraction from Recycler to Muon Campus beamlines and beamline improvements for 8-GeV beam –49% complete, will finish during this year’s shutdown, 34% contingency Delivery Ring AIP provides infrastructure improvements, new injection and abort components to former antiproton ring –25% complete, 39% contingency Cryo AIP provides cryogenics for Mu2e solenoids and g-2 storage ring –Refrigerator commissioning complete –Ready to cool g-2 –Re-planning remaining work for updated Mu2e requirements 1603/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing

Muon Campus General Plant Projects MC-1 Building GPP provides a building to house g-2 experiment, cryo refrigerators, beamline power supplies – construction complete Beamline Enclosure GPP provides tunnel enclosure for new beamlines –Construction 25% complete, 20% contingency on remaining work MC Infrastructure GPP provides cooling for cryo compressors and extension of MI-52 building needed for new Recycler extraction –Cryo compressor cooling complete –Construction of building extension in progress 1703/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing

Muon Campus Operations Muon g-2 project ends in March 2017 –FY16 – pre-commissioning activities, not covered by AIPs –FY17 -- commissioning Muon Campus AIPs are mostly finished in FY16 This will be a new addition to our accelerator operations. Additional operations funds will cover: –FTEs to commission, operate and maintain the Muon Campus –Electric power, cryogens, spares, maintenance, operations. Example: the Muon Systems department has 11 people. –In FY15: 3 FTEs are paid for by Ops, the rest are on MC AIPs, g-2 and Mu2e projects. –In FY15: ~ zero funding for M&S, spares 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing18

Incremental FTEs and budgets for commissioning and operating the Muon Campus 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing19

Accelerator Ops, PIP and AIPs summary 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing20 The FY17 request accommodates Muon Campus operations.

General Accelerator R&D 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing21

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing22 GARD: Strategic Considerations (from P5 report) “A very high-energy proton-proton collider is the most powerful future tool…” Neutrinos: aim at ~600 kTon*MW *yr For e+e- colliders: “…Primary goals are improving the accelerating gradient and lowering the power consumption.” “Support the discipline of accelerator science through advanced accelerator facilities and through funding for university programs.” “Focus on outcomes and capabilities that will dramatically improve cost effectiveness for mid-term and far-term future.” “Strengthen University - National lab partnerships.” Incorporate the balance of mid-term vs far-term R&D as well as impacts.

Accelerator R&D at Fermilab 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing23 Very strong record of publications: –Tevatron, instabilities, SRF, SC magnets and materials, targetry, MARS, etc P5  multi-MW beam power facility. R&D towards PIP-III: –Super-high dQ_sc rings –Cost-effective SRF –High power targetry R&D P5 recommends  strong R&D program toward a 100-TeV scale pp collider (cost effective ~15 T magnets) and support core capabilities (theory, codes, training) PIP-II PIP-III

Our focus High-Field Magnets and Materials -- in Hasan’s talk Multi-MW Beams and Targets Cost-Effective SRF Technology – in Hasan’s talk Accelerator Science, Modeling and Design Training of accelerator scientists and engineers 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing24

IOTA test facility (Accelerator Science and MW beams) 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing25 IOTA facility is being built to carry out critical R&D in Accelerator Science and high-intensity space-charge dominated proton beams: –IOTA ring and p+ and e- injectors –Breakthrough experiments in NL beam dynamics and space-charge compensation ~40% of the ring built, 5 MeV injector commissioned  MeV this year Complete construction of the facility in FY15-17 (with GARD funding) and start full research program in FY18

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing26 US: Accelerator PhDs per year, Europe: ~100/year! Recent PhD Degrees based on research at Fermilab: ~2/year Tim Zolkin2014 University of Chicago Denise Ford 2013 Northwestern Timothy Maxwell 2012 Northern Illinois University Alexey Petrenko 2012 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Arun Saini 2012 University of Delhi W.-M. Tam 2010 Indiana University Dan McCarron 2010 Illinois Institute of Technology Igor Tropin 2010 Tomsk University Uros Mavric 2009 University of Ljubljana Timothy Koeth 2009 Rutgers University Currently – 7 students in Joint University-Fermilab Accelerator PhD program Joint University – Fermilab PhD program in Accelerator Physics and Technology

FNAL – University Collaboration in Accelerator R&D More than a dozen university groups collaborate with Fermilab on Accelerator Research; Two recent appointments: V. Shiltsev (NUI, adjunct professor), S. Nagaitsev (U of Chicago, professor part-time) 4 Joint Faculty Appointments: NIU: S. Chattopadhaya, P.Piot, Y.M.Shin; IIT: P.Snopok 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing27

GARD summary 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing28 The ILC funding is not included in FY16 plan and FY17 request.

Summary Accelerator Operations –“The current neutrino program is healthy, with strong operating experiments, R&D and exciting near term plans.” – Feb 2015 Fermilab Inst. Review Proton Improvement Plan –“PIP is making good progress.” – Feb 2015 Fermilab Inst. Review Muon Campus AIPs and GPP –“The close interaction of scientists from AD and PPD from the two experiments realized significant common solutions that made both experiments better, cheaper and simpler to implement.” – Feb 2015 Fermilab Inst. Review General Accelerator R&D –“The R&D in the area of accelerator physics is generally well aligned with priorities of the Lab and with the P5 recommendations.” – Feb 2015 Fermilab Inst. Review –Aiming at establishing the Accelerator Science as one of Fermilab’s research cornerstones. 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing29

Extra slides 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing30

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing31 US PAS Office & Fermilab Elvin Harms Stuart Henderson Amber Johnson Tom Peterson William Barletta Cheng-Yang Tan Robert Zwaska US-PAS Office William Barletta (Director) Susan Winchester Irina Novitskaya Attendance numbers per session show that there is a steady interest in accelerator science : 31 instructors and assistants 31 instructors and assistants from Fermilab

Example: collaboration with U. of Tennessee and SNS on laser stripping injection 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing32 Permanent magnet for the laser stripping experiment at SNS (designed and fabricated in collaboration with Fermilab) Laser in Laser out PIP laser chopper: proof of principle. We’ll be used to reduce Booster losses Linac bunches neutralized by laser Synergistic R&D at Fermilab

03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing33 Demonstrated transverse to longitudinal emittance exchanges Demonstrated bunch current profile shaping Y.-E. Sun et al., PRL 105, (2010) P. Piot et al., PRSTAB 14, (2011) J. Ruan et al., PRL (2011) Example: NIU-FNAL collaboration Transverse-to-longitudinal phase space exchange

Example: new effect predicted at Fermilab and confirmed at SNS 03/04/2015S. Nagaitsev | OHEP Budget Briefing34 Predicted by V. Lebedev: H − + H − -> H − + H 0 + e (intrabeam stripping) leads to beam losses in linacs Theory was developed together with SNS colleagues Experimental beam studies: –comparison of beam loss in the superconducting part (SCL) of the SNS for H − and protons –observed significant reduction in beam losses for protons vs. H - ions G. Stancari et al., PRL 2011 A. Shishlo, V. Lebedev, et al PRL 108, (2012) A. Shishlo, V. Lebedev, et al PRL 108, (2012) Also important in PIP-II