Cell Organelles
An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.
COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)
PROKARYOTIC CELLS (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) cells without a nucleus EX: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria pond scum
EUKARYOTIC CELLS (yew KAYR ee yah tihk) cells with a nucleus EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists
ORGANELLES Organelle = “little organ” An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell. Found only inside eukaryotic cells
CELL WALL (Plant Cell Only) Protects and supports Gives shape Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane Allows materials to pass through A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria cells.
CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells. For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall. Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.
CYTOPLASM Not an organelle Cyto=cell Translucent, grayish, jellylike All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm Gelatin-like inside cell membrane Constantly flows Made mostly of water
NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle Easiest organelle to see under a microscope
CHLOROPLAST (Plant Cell Only) Contains chlorophyll Makes plants green Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars Photosynthesis takes place here
CHLOROPHYLL A green chemical that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar
MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release energy from food This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food
RIBOSOMES Make proteins Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleus
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A.k.a. “ER” A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell Like a conveyor belt Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER
GOLGI COMPLEX Stack of flat, pancake- shaped discs Modify, sort, package, and store carbohydrates and proteins until they are needed. Makes lysosomes
LYSOSOMES Breaks down materials for digestion Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell Garbage disposal of the cell
VACUOLE Most plant cells have one large one Filled w/ fluid Temporary storage spaces Stores food, water, waste
Plant and Animal Cells both have: Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm with organelles
Plant and Animal Cell Differences PLANT CELL Has a cell wall which is thicker and tougher than a cell membrane. Contains chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and allows the plant to make its own food. ANIMAL CELL Does not contain a cell wall. Does not contain chloroplasts.
1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane Technology Project Review
Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum
NAME THE ORGANELLE d. ____________ b. ___________ c. ___________a. _________
NAME THE ORGANELLE d. Mitochondria b. Chloroplast c. Golgi bodya. Nucleus