{ Warm-Up #5 Answer the following in a paragraph: 1. if you were to become a psychologist, which field (Ch. 1 Sec. 3) would you enter/study and why?

{ Chapter 2 Psychological research methods

Methods of Research

Match the description with its correct method of research 1. Obtain info by asking people a set of questions 2. intensive study of people/groups 3. measure relationship between 2 variables 4. observe subject in a natural setting 5. Investigators control the situation and decrease influence of outside variables 6. collect data from participants of different ages and compare 7. collect data about a group over a long period of time A. Case Studies B. Correlations and Explanations C. Cross-Sectional Studies D. Experiments E. Longitudinal Studies F. Naturalistic Observation G. Surveys

 Psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering  Avoid disturbing people being studied by concealing yourself or by acting as unobtrusively as possible Naturalistic Observation

 Intensive study of a person or a group  Most combine long-term observations with diaries, tests, interviews  Does NOT prove or disprove anything  Provide descriptive material to generate new hypotheses for researchers to test Case Studies PL36F6B20948B00EA0&feature=results_main

 Information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions  May consist of interviews, questionnaires or both Surveys

 Data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development  Very time-consuming and risky Longitudinal Studies

 Data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age  Less expensive and time consuming than longitudinal studies Cross-Sectional Studies

 Measure of a relationship between 2 variables or sets of data  Do not identify what causes what Correlations & Explanations

 Enables investigators to control the situation and to decrease the possibility that outside variables will influence results  Psychologists do not fully accept results until results have be replicated (duplicated) by at least 1 other psychologist Experiments

{ Problems and Solutions in Research Section 2.2

 Avoiding a self-fulfilling prophecy (read Exploring Psych, p. 42)  A situation in which a researcher’s expectations influence that person’s own behavior and thereby influence the participant’s behavior  Having expectations about a behavior and then acting in some way, usually knowingly, to carry that behavior Problem

 Use of a single-blind experiment  The participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment (read p Milgram Experiment)  Use of a double-blind experiment  Neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment  Researcher remains unbiased Solutions