French Wars of Religion #3 To what extent do political authorities influence the course of the Protestant Reformation? #8 Discuss the relationship between politics and religion by examining the wars of religion. French wars of religion and the Thirty Years War

Renewed Religious Struggle 1 st half of 16 th century –Religious struggle in central Europe Lutheran want rights an religious freedom –Peace of Augsburg 2 nd half of 16 th century –Western Europe; Calvinist wanted recognition Political Struggle –Catholics “One king, one law, one faith” –Calvinists against absolute monarchies

Politiques held war in check Politiques –Political unity over religious doctrine –Tolerance and moderation Compromise (Anglican Church) Politique ruler –Elizabeth I (England) NOT Mary I –Rulers were more successful

Wars of Religion Internal and international conflicts –Protestants vs. Catholics Political power in France, England, Netherlands War over religion –French Wars –30 years war

Struggle for Political Pwer 1.French Protestants (Huguenots) –Prosecute Protestants HRE Charles V captured King Francis I 2.Protestant propaganda  arrests –Edict of Fontainebleau  Inquisition for Protestants 3.3 Weak Kings (Mother: Catherine de Medicis) –Charles IX and Henry III –Goal: Balance aristocrat and king power

Power Struggle for Monarchy Rise of nation-state, decrease in aristocracy’s power, weak monarchy 3 Families wanted to bring strong monarchy –The Guises Most powerful, militant, reactionary, Created the Catholic League –Montmorency (Admiral Coligny) & Prince of Conde Calvinism (Huguenots)

War began in 1562 Guise killed Huguenots for worshipping –Huguenots were winning Henry Navarre –Huguenot –married Charles IX sister Catherine's Response: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre –Huguenots killed –Promised to return to Catholicism

Catherine de Medicis St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

End of the Valois Kings Henry III turns to Huguenots to defeat Catholic League (Guise Family) –Henry Navarre (Bourbon) his heir  Henry IV What did the new King want? –Peace –Deal with Spain Wanted France to be Catholic and weak –Religion (switched back and forth) Edict of Nantes

Was Henry IV a Politique? Edict of Nantes 1598: Formal Religious Settlement France  Catholic –Religious minorities freedom Freedom of public worship Right of assembly Problem: hot war became cold war –Assassinated by Catholic Fanatic