MEMORY AP PSYCHOLOGY. KEY QUESTIONS FOR THIS UNIT How is a memory formed? How accurate are our memories? Why do we forget? Case Study – Jennifer Thompson.

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Presentation transcript:

MEMORY AP PSYCHOLOGY

KEY QUESTIONS FOR THIS UNIT How is a memory formed? How accurate are our memories? Why do we forget? Case Study – Jennifer Thompson and Ronald Cotton

MEMORY A system (human, animal, or machine) that encodes, stores, and retrieves information.

HUMAN MEMORY Is a cognitive system that works with our perceptual system. We see, hear, smell, etc. things. That info is brought in and selectively stored to be accessed for later use. Memories form the raw materials for thought and behavior. As we learn, memories are stored. Memory takes in meaningless sensory info and changes it into meaningful patterns. Most of the info we take in does not make it past the 1 st step of memory.

WHICH ONE IS THE REAL PENNY??

WHICH ONE IS THE REAL PENNY?

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL EncodingStorageRetrieval

ENCODING 1. Select stimulus What is important to know? Is it a sound, smell, or visual image? 2. Identify features of input What are distinctive features of the stimuli? 3. Label it to make it meaningful

ENCODING EFFORT Encoding is usually an automatic process in human memory Have no awareness Emotional experiences are likely to be encoded Memories for new concepts require effortful encoding Elaboration – connecting a new concept with existing information in memory

STORAGE The retention of encoded material over time Have 3 stages of storage, which stores memories for different lengths of time Sensory memory, short-term (working) memory, long-term memory

RETRIEVAL The location and recovery of info from memory. If info is properly encoded, only takes a split second to access information. Retrieval does not always work well - forgetting

EIDETIC MEMORY A clear and persistent form of memory; extremely rare. Sometimes known as photographic memory. Superior autobiographical memory – new, not much research