How many different ways can you upgrade a computer to make it work better? If you could upgrade a mind, what might you improve?

Today’s session You are learning about...You are learning to... Information processing approaches to cognitive development Analyse research findings using alternative points of view Use research to evaluate theories

Information processing InputProcessOutput External stimulus Problem solving Action

Information processing Cognitive development is seen as a process by which children become capable of processing information in more complex ways – Development of working memory, attention – More skilled/efficient use of processes – Acquisition of better strategies

Information processing Can you remember learning to multiply numbers? How is this skill different for you now?

Information processing Automation of processing allows processing capacity to be ‘freed up’ so more complex tasks can be undertaken

Case (1974) Cognitive development involves changes in: – Number of ‘schemes’ available Like Piaget’s schemas – Figurative, operative & executive – Acquired through modification, combination & consolidation – M-power (mental capacity) – Importance attached to perceptual and other cues

IP versus Piaget Piaget Thinking ability is domain independent Ability to solve problems depends on a grasp of their underlying logic Children work out an accurate understanding of how the world really is Development proceeds at its own pace Information processing Thinking ability is domain specific Ability to solve problems depends on cognitive load, strategies & experience Children acquire rules that are ‘good enough’ for common problems Development can be accelerated with teaching

Siegler (1976) Simple weight problem

Siegler (1976) Simple distance problem

Siegler (1976) Conflict problem

Siegler (1976) How does Siegler see children’s thinking develop? How does this compare with Piaget’s stage theory? YoungerOlder No. of children using different strategies

IP versus Piaget How does Piaget explain adult performance on the pendulum problem & how would the IP approach explain it? Which account do you find more convincing?