China Ming Dynasty Zheng He

Animated Zheng He’s Ship

European Motives Gold Glory God

Treaty of Tordesillas

Desire for new trade routes –Controlled by Muslims and Italians –Spices and luxury goods –High prices and profits

Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator –Conquers Ceuta –Desire to spread Christianity –Desire to find new lands –Died in debt

Bartolomeu Dias-1481 First to round Cape of Good Hope

New Technologies

Christopher Columbus 1492 Claimed San Salvador for Spain First voyage as explorer Future voyages as empire builder

Vasco da Gama Reaches Calicut –Spices –Silks –Gems –Cargo worth 60 times cost –Direct route to India

Ferdinand Magellan 1519

Circumnavigate globe

James Cook

Samuel de Champlain 1608 Founded Quebec

Commercial Revolution A. Social and Economic Background 1. European Population Increases million to 115 million London 50, ,000 Increase in demand for goods leads to…

2. Inflation a. population increase b. influx of precious metals from America by Spain Average of 5 tons of gold and 250 tons of silver per year during 16th century.

B. Growth of business and capitalism 1. Capital accumulated by merchants= new ventures for increased profit

2. Changes in Commercial Organization a. Trading company – Joint-stock company chartered by the government and given a monopoly to trade and settle a given area. b. Stock Exchanges- First in Amsterdam 1611.

c. Banking Expanded d. Insurance developed London Fire - Lloyd’s of London e. Monetary changes promissory notes coins

Mercantilism Became a national policy Definition: 1. G old & Silver = wealth of nation 2. Export more than it imports - difference paid in gold and silver 3. Nation increases exports by stimulating domestic industries with “bounties” - subsidies

4. Tariffs 5. Colonies = raw materials and markets 6. Restrict colonial manufacturing to protect manufacturing in mother country 7. Forbid colonies to trade with outside nations

Effects on Pre-Columbian World A.Africa- slave trade B.European migration C.Columbian Exchange

European migration

What plant and animal materials were part of the Colombian Exchange?