SOLUTIONS DAY 1

INTRODUCTION 70 % of our world is covered by water.

INTRODUCTION In our culture, the ocean is important to us for many things. It provides us with entertainment, food, travel and shipping. It drives our weather and is a key component in the water cycle and the oxygen that is necessary for our survival.

INTRODUCTION It is important to understand the key component of the ocean, water, for these and many other reasons.

INTRODUCTION What would happen if you added some sand to a test tube full of water?

INTRODUCTION The sand would settle to the bottom of course. Suppose you then added some salt. The salt would seem to disappear, right? It would be in the water but you would not see it.

INTRODUCTION The salt dissolved in the water. When something dissolves, it goes into solution. The sand did not dissolve, so it is not in a solution.

INTRODUCTION The salt and water is an example of a solution. A solution is a mixture in which the particles of one substance are evenly mixed with the particles of another substance.

INTRODUCTION

In a salt water solution, sodium ions and chlorine ions are evenly mixed with the molecules of water. Liquid solutions are formed when solids liquids or gases dissolve in liquids. Salt water is a liquid solution.

INTRODUCTION An example of a gas dissolved in a liquid would be club soda. Club soda is a solution of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water. Liquids can also dissolve in other liquids. Antifreeze, ethylene glycol, is an example of a liquid dissolved in a liquid.

INTRODUCTION Tap water, is not pure water. It is a solution. Most tap water contains dissolved solids, usually iron and calcium. Tap water may also contain chemicals such as chlorine that was added to make it safe to drink, or other trace chemicals.

INTRODUCTION Air is also a solution. It is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen mixed evenly together. Some solids, called alloys are also solutions because they are a mixture of metals evenly mixed together. Brass is an example of a solid solution.

INTRODUCTION So we can define a solution as a well- mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute. The solvent is the part of the solution present in the largest amount. It dissolves the other substances, the solutes.

OBJECTIVES Describe the characteristics of a solution. Identify the parts of a solution.

IN QUESTION Compare salt and pepper. How are they alike, and how are they different? Alike - Different –

VOCABULARY Dissolve – Go into solution. Solution – Mixture in which the particles of one substance are evenly mixed with the particles of another substance.

VOCABULARY Solute – Substance that is dissolved in a solution. Solvent – Substance into which a solute dissolves. Soluble – Able to dissolve.

VOCABULARY Solubility – Maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given quantity of a solvent at a given temperature. Insoluble – Not able to dissolve.

NOTES Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases. The solute, when dissolved, does not undergo a chemical change. Particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

NOTES Solution particles are very small. Particles will not drop out of solution (settle). Particles can’t be filtered out.

EXAMPLES Liquid – Syrup – sugar dissolved in water Gas – Air - Oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen. Solid – Brass – Zinc and copper are dissolved into each other.

OUT QUESTION Complete the following sentences: 1.Solutions are formed when substances _______________ in other substances. 2.Air is a solution of gases, such as _________ and ________.