Find your new seat, take out your science journal and “Cell Part Chart”! Bell-Ringer: Pro vs Eu Cells Cell Organelles notes Double Bubble – Plants vs Animals Homework: –Bring your tablet to class tomorrow! –Watch “Crash Course: Plant Cells” video AGENDA – 9/24/2015

Bell-ringer: What is the function of a lysosome? 2.What do they have in common? (give 3 things) 3.What differences in eukaryotic plant and eukaryotic animal cells can you remember from past years in science?

2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 To investigate and explain cellular processes, such as homeostasis, converting energy, the production of new materials, and transporting materials. Today’s Objective:

Section 3 Summary – page REMEMBER, cells have tiny organs inside them called organelles. Each organelle, just like the organs in your body, have a specific job they carry out for the cell’s survival.

Also, REMEMBER some organelles have a membrane around them. What are they called? While other organelles do not have a protective layer. mitochondria ribosome nucleus

Cell Control Center The nucleus is considered the leader of the eukaryotic cell because it contains directions to make proteins. Every part of the cell depends on proteins, so by containing the blueprints to make proteins, the nucleus houses the boss. Nucleus

Section 3 Summary – page The plasma membrane (also called cell membrane) is a “skin” around the outside of the cell. All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) have a plasma membrane. Homeostasis Plasma membrane Inside the cell Outside the cell

Section 3 Summary – page The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis (an internal balance) by controlling what goes in and out of the cell. Homeostasis Plasma Membrane Outside the cell Inside the cell

Section 3 Summary – page Energy Transformers Cells have to transform energy in order to use it. There are two different organelles that do this as their job. CHLOROPLAST ● Has a membrane ● Only found in eukaryotic PLANT cells MITOCHONDRIA ● Has a membrane ● Found in ALL eukaryotic cells

Section 3 Summary – page Chloroplasts: organelles that use light energy and transform it into food energy in eukaryotic PLANT cells. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Section 3 Summary – page Chloroplasts contain green pigment called Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and gives leaves and stems their green color. chlorophyll Chlorophyll CHLOROPLAST Chloroplast

Section 3 Summary – page Mitochondria: membrane-bound organelles in ALL eukaryotic cells that transform food energy into chemical energy (that we use to perform all functions: walking, talking, thinking). Energy Transformers

Section 9.3 Summary – pages Cellular respiration is the process by which mitochondria use food energy, and oxygen to create CO 2, water, and ATP (chemical energy)

Cellular Respiration + Oxygen Gas 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 → Glucose 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36ATP Carbon Dioxide Water Energy It is the reverse process of photosynthesis

Within the nucleus is a prominent organelle called the that makes the small organelle, ribosomes for the eukaryotic cell. nucleolus Nucleolus Nucleus

Synthesis/ Assembly What do these words mean to you? Ribosomes are a small membrane-less organelles where proteins are built.

Section 3 Summary – page After proteins are made in ALL eukaryotic cells, they leave the Ribosome and go to a membrane- bound organelle called the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body) Intra-cellular Transport

Section 3 Summary – page The Golgi apparatus: sorts proteins. packages proteins into small transport bubbles called “vesicles”. transports proteins in the vesicles to where they need to go.

Cytoplasm is the clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell. This is a space in which most organelles move. It makes up a little more than HALF the volume in a cell. SPACE INSIDE THE CELL

Section 3 Summary – page Cellular Boundaries The cell wall is a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection. Bacteria (pro.), Plants (euk.), Fungi (euk.), and some Protista (euk.), have an additional boundary. Plasma membrane Cell Wall

Section 3 Summary – page Cellular Boundaries The cell wall is not flexible Plasma membrane Cell Wall It is made of a carbohydrate, cellulose (fiber), which is very porous and is not selective about which molecules can enter into the cell

Cellular Boundaries

Section 3 Summary – page Centrioles are only found in eukaryotic animal cells. They are used during mitosis/meiosis to help separate chromosomes. Reproduction

Section 3 Summary – page The ER is a highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells where chemical reactions take place. If you were to unfold the ER, it would take up too much room. Assembly, Transport, and Storage Ribosomes become attached to ER (called Rough ER) where they carry out protein synthesis. Ribosomes

Section 3 Summary – page The Smooth ER is the site of lipid production in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes do not attach to Smooth ER. Assembly, Transport, and Storage

Advantages of highly folded Membranes –Cell processes can be more efficient –Membranes provide a larger surface area for cell process to take place Remember all membranes control what goes through, so this forms interconnected compartments where homeostasis is maintained.

Section 3 Summary – page Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials in eukaryotic cells. Notice the difference between vacuoles in plant and animal cells. Vacuole Animal Cell Plant Cell Assembly, Transport, and Storage

Section 3 Summary – page Lysosomes are organelles in eukaryotic cells that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Recycling

Section 3 Summary – page Some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell surfaces have cilia and flagella, which are structures that aid in locomotion or feeding. Support and Locomotion

Section 3 Summary – page Cilia are short, numerous, hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion. Cilia Support and Locomotion

Section 3 Summary – page Flagella are long projections that move in a whip-like motion. Flagella and cilia are the major means of locomotion in unicellular organisms. Support and Locomotion

Section 3 Summary – page Cytoskeleton is a type of scaffolding inside the cell that works. Acts as a type of muscle and skeleton, but is also a transformer, constantly deconstructing and reconstructing. Support

Take out your science journal, tablet, and “Cell Part Chart”! Bell-Ringer: Double Bubble – Plants vs Animals Virus Webquest Homework: –QUIZ on Monday over Cells, Organelles, and Viruses! AGENDA – 9/25/2015

PLANT CELLANIMAL CELL ** IN COMMON** *JUST THIS CELL*