What do you know about the Reformation?What about protestantism?

Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation. R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16 c

Causes Crises of 14th/15th centuries Babylonian Captivity Great Schism Conciliar Movement

Corruption in Church simony - sale of church offices pluralism - holding more than one office at once absenteeism - not participating in benefices but receiving payment and privileges nepotism

moral decline of papacy - 20% of priests have concubines Pope Alexander VI has children out of wedlock clerical ignorance - some priests were illiterate

Critics of Church John Wycliffe - Bible was the sole authority John Hus - from Bohemia, leads movement like Wycliffe’s Erasmus - In Praise of Folly - “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”

Martin Luther

Johan Tetzel - authorized to sell indulgences money used to pay revenues for St. Peter’s church

95 Theses Criticizes selling of indulgences “nails” theses to door printing press facilitates the spread of his ideas

Discuss how Renaissance ideas are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. FRQ’s