IMPLEMENTING LOBBYING REGULATION: 4 TRENDS & 8 LESSONS Janos Bertok Head of Public Sector Integrity Division OECD

Trust in government is low & decreasing Source: Gallup World Poll

Transparency in policymaking: a lever for trust in government Source: World Economic Forum – Global Competitiveness Report ( ) Correlation between public trust in politicians and transparency in government policymaking (2013)

Transparency drives lobby reforms Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists and OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Legislators Does transparency in lobbying increase citizens’ trust in the public decision-making process?

Regulation of lobbying is accelerating Since 1946, 15 countries have regulated lobbying- 8 in the past 5 years

Implementation: How to make it effective? 1. Raising awareness with tailored measures Most effective ways to learn about lobbying rules/guidelines according to legislators; and integrity standards and transparency tools according to lobbyists Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists and OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Legislators

2. What incentives? Majority of lobbyists register in 30 minutes

3. What to disclose? Contributions are emerging concern Types of information that according to stakeholders should be made publicly available, for example through a register Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists and OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Legislators 84%

4. Transparency and accountability are key drivers for compliance Mechanisms to ensure compliance with the disclosure requirements of lobbying activities in OECD countries Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines

5: What role for code of conduct? There are generally no effective rewards for agreeing to comply with lobbyist codes of conduct Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

6. Sanctions: Are they compelling? Are there compelling sanctions for breaching the lobbyist code of conduct? Source: OECD 2009 and 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists

7. Lobby reforms are far from over: Few countries restrict insider lobbying Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines 21% 8%

8. Closing the revolving door remains a challenge Can a former lobbyist be hired as a government regulator or advisor? Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines No -29% Yes - 71%

The way forward Compliance and enforcement are still a challenge Intensify efforts in addressing lobbying concerns and risks in order to foster confidence in policy making Limited measurement of costs and benefits Identify relevant data, benchmarks, and indicators in relation to transparency in lobbying The broader Integrity Framework remains vital Coherence with a whole-of-government 21st-century Integrity framework

For more information on OECD experience on transparency and integrity in lobbying Thank you for your attention