 About fifty years after Chinggis’s death, the unified Mongol empire divided into four successor empires called khanates: 1) China and part of Mongolia, where the Mongol regime was called the Yuan dynasty 2) Inner Eurasia, a state called Chagatay after the name of one of Chinggis’s sons 3) the Khanate of the Golden Horde, which included the steppes north of the Caspian and Black Seas, as well as domination over Russia

KKublai Khan controlled most of modern day China and Mongolia Maintained control through HHigh taxes RReserved military for Mongols RReserved high govt. positions for Mongols VViolence PPositive Effects (Pax Mongolia) Allowed open relations with the outside world IIbn Battuta MMarco Polo Open to trade with the rest of Asia and Europe Order and Peace

 Russia defeated Mongols by 1380  Ivan the Great becomes Czar in 1462  Koreans overthrow Mongols in 1350 o Mongols attempt to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281 o Both invasions failed largely due to typhoons

AAfter the death of Kublai Khan the Chinese wanted to end foreign rule Rebel army pushed out the Mongols and created the Ming dynasty RRebirth of Chinese culture Confucian learning Civil service system Linked regions with canals to increase trade Art and literature grew

 Chinese naval fleets went on expeditions to trade and collect tribute Showed the power of the Chinese government  Zheng He lead the most extensive expeditions Explored:  Southeast Asia  India  Persian Gulf  East Africa  Chinese government halts expeditions suddenly Possibly to retain strength and preserve Chinese culture Possibly not making the government enough profit