Chapters 20 & 21 The Civil War

Chapter 20 Notes “Girding for War”

Start of the War April 12, 1861: South Carolina attacks the federal Fort Sumter, starting war April 15, 1861: Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteer soldiers –Four more southern states secede

Border States Four slave states stayed with the Union –Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware Lincoln had to be clear that he was not going to end slavery

My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery. –Abraham Lincoln, 1862

Balance of Forces South+ The best generals Higher morale Only had to defend themselves South - Few factories Few railroads Not much $$$ North + Bigger population More railroads More factories Strong navy More $$$ North - Weak generals

Draft Riots 1863: New York City Draft riots Wealthy could escape draft for $300 Poor Irish riot, attacking free blacks

Chapter 21 The Furnace of Civil War

The Union’s Plan 1.Blockade the South 2.Free the slaves 3.Control the Mississippi 4.Take Georgia 5.Capture the capital, Richmond

Major Battles July 31, Bull Run; South wins Sept. 17, Antietam Creek –Union wins, leads Lincoln to decide on emancipation July 1, Gettysburg –Union wins, seals death of the South July 4, Vicksburg –Union takes control of Mississippi

Emancipation January 1, 1863: Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation Frees slaves in Confederate land Does not free slaves in border states or land conquered by the North Changes purpose of war: end slavery Blacks join army by the thousands

End of War April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (VA) April 14, 1865: Lincoln assassinated by Confederate sympathizer