James R Benya, PE, FIES, FIALD BENYA BURNETT CONSULTANCY Davis, CA

 Part 1: California Building Standards Administrative Code  Part 2: California Building Code (based on the International Building Code)  Part 2.5: California Residential Building Code (based on the International Residential Code)  Part 3: California Electrical Code (based on the National Electrical Code)  Part 4: California Mechanical Code (based on the Uniform Mechanical Code)  Part 5: California Plumbing Code (based on the Uniform Plumbing Code)  Part 6: Building Energy Efficiency Standards  Part 8: California Historical Building Code  Part 9: California Fire Code (based on the International Fire Code)  Part 10: California Existing Building Code  Part 11: California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen)  Part 12: California Reference Standards Code

 2019 Standard (effective )  Expected to set zero-net energy requirements  2016 Standard (effective )  Ready for public review 45-day language  2013 Standard (now in effect as of )  Current standard

 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24 Part 6 (“the Standards”). This is the code to be followed.  Non-Residential Compliance Manual (“the Manual”). This explains the code and contains the forms that must be submitted.  Residential Compliance Manual (the “Manual”). Same but for homes.  Reference Appendices (the “Appendices”). These contain certain key technical requirements and procedures that are necessary to meet the Standards.

 Watts – the rate of energy use  Kilowatt hours (kWh) – energy use (kilowatts x hours)  Efficacy – lumens per watt (LPW)  Efficiency – (luminaire output lumens/source lumens) x 100%  System Efficacy – luminaire lumens per watt = efficacy x efficiency  Coefficient of Utilization – how efficiently the space uses light  Power Density – watts per square foot  Energy Density- kWH (or BTU) per square foot

How Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Apply to non- residential lighting

 Section Definitions  Section Mandatory Requirements for Control Systems  Section Mandatory Requirements for Non- residential Lighting  Section Choose between Performance and Prescriptive Methods for Non-residential Lighting  Section Prescriptive Method for Non-residential Lighting  Section Non-residential Renovations  Section Residential

Section requirements have been split:  Title 20 for “devices”  Consist of a single component  Must be certified to the Energy Commission according to Title 20  Except for part-night outdoor lighting controllers  Section for “systems”  Consist of more than one component  Not required to be certified to the Energy Commission  Shall meet all of the requirements in Title 20 for the identical self- contained lighting control device it is installed to function as  Installation certificate shall be signed by the licensee of record in accordance with §130.4(b) and Nonresidential Appendix NA7

§130.1 Interior Lighting  Luminaire classifications now allow peel down labels in some cases  Minimum required watts for an medium based socket  Limits to acceptance of field modifications of luminaire technology  UL1598 determines watts  Track wattage now four methods

§130.1 Interior Lighting  Egress and emergency exceptions reduced – all lights must be independently switched and automatically shut off  Minimum required watts for an medium based socket  All lighting must be dimmable  All lighting must have manual multi level control and at least one automatic control such as tuning, manual dimming or daylighting  Mandatory controls for occupancy controls in offices, classrooms, conference rooms, multipurpose rooms  New partial on and partial off allowed controls

§130.1 Interior Lighting  New definitions for skylight areas  New definitions for primary and secondary sidelit areas  Clarified sidelit/skylit conflicts  Required photoelectric controls for rooms with as little as 120 watts  Increased requirements for daylight control in parking garages  Demand responsive lighting controls for buildings 10,000 sf or greater

§130.2 Outdoor Lighting Mandatory Requirements  Outdoor lighting must be UG compliant 150 watts and below  Exception for signs, façade lighting, etc.  All outdoor lighting must have scheduling control and photocontrol or astronomic time controls  Luminaires 24’ and lower must have motion control to reduce watts 40-80% when area unoccupied (with exceptions for façade and task areas)

§130.3 Signs  Sign lighting controls required  Must reduce day and night signs at least 65% at night

§130.4 Acceptance testing by a Certified Lighting Controls Acceptance Test Technician (CLCATT) required for:  Automatic daylighting controls: §119, §131(c)2D,  Multi-level Astronomical time clocks: §119 and §131(d)2  Lighting Controls: §131(a)-(c), (e), (f) and §146(a)2D  Automatic Lighting Controls: §119 and §131(d)  Occupancy Sensors: §119 and §131(d)  Outdoor Lighting Controls: §119 and §132

§130.4 Unique requirements for:  Lighting Control Systems  EMCS  Integral or external current limiters  Interlocked systems (140.6(a)1  Power Adjustment Factors  Videoconference Studios

§130.5 Special Regulations for :for  Service metering  Disaggregated wiring of building power uses  Limited voltage drop in feeders and branch circuits  All buildings enable to receive and act upon demand response signals  Specific rules on how energy management and control systems can be used to meet code  Controls required for plug loads in offices and schools

Skylights required for spaces 5000 sf or larger, 15 foot high or higher ceiling, and under a roof.  Exceptions include performance spaces, refrigerated warehouses, etc.

 Changed tailored method from IES Illumination Category to lux.  Limits to general lighting type  Clarification of wall accent, floor accent, decorative, task and very valuable lighting  Revised power adjustment factors (PAF’s), new PAF rules with Partial on occupancy sensors

 Reduced area category lighting power densities (w/sf)  Reduced Tailored Method lighting power densities

Outdoor Lighting §140.7  Significantly reduced linear wattage allowance Signs §140.8 Choice of  12 w/sf of internally illuminated signs  2.3 w/sf of externally lighted signs  No wattage limits if high efficacy light sources are used

 Three types of “alteration”  “Luminaire modifications in place”  “Lighting system alterations”  “Lighting wiring alterations”  Routine maintenance is not an alteration (§141.0(b)2vii)  “… Replacement in kind of parts of an existing luminaire that include only new lamps, lamp holders, or lenses…”

Occupancy Sensing – automatic on, automatic off Vacancy Sensing – manual on, automatic off Partial on or partial off – motion sensing turns on/off to half level Scheduling  Predictable - time of day, solar time, calendar  Unpredictable – motion sensing controls Daylighting – harvest daylight (dim electric lights or turn them off) Multi-level lighting– user accessible dimming

Adaptation Compensation – dim lights at night Tuning – a dimmer limiting the maximum light, not user accessible

THE GOOD NEWS  LED lighting has changed lighting power needs  Many LED luminaires use 10-50% less power than legacy light source luminaires THE BAD NEWS: ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES The LED industry has been called the “wild west”. Many lighting companies are not reputable and sell low quality product. Problems will include:  No UL or equivalent listing  Missing or incorrect lighting power ratings

1. Conditioned space and non conditioned space are calculated separately. 2. Only certain buildings can use the whole building method. 3. Most buildings can use the area category method, which is the preferred method due to its versatility. 4. Some buildings can use the tailored method, but it is almost exclusively for specialty retail. 5. A combination of the area category method and the tailored method can be used.  The spaces must be distinct and preferably different  The spaces must use one method or the other

Auditorium Building Classroom Building Commercial and Industrial Storage Convention Center Financial Institution Grocery Store Library Medical/Clinic Office Parking garage Religious Restaurant School Theater What’s Changed? A little bit lower wattage, that’s all.

Changes Lower lighting watts per SF for most area types New footnotes for added “use it or lose it” power for certain areas 1. Task work areas 0.2 w/sf 2. Specialized task work areas 0.5 w/sf 3. Ornamental lighting 0.5 w/sf 4. Precision work areas 1.0 w/sf 5. Chalk board/white board 5.5 w/lf 6. Accent display and feature lighting 0.3 w/sf 7. Decorative lighting 0.2 w/sf 8. Videoconference studio lighting 1.5 w/sf

Revised general lighting allowance Pre-2013, employed the IES Light level category system A-E and sometimes permitted use of the IES handbook New system involves using Table 140.6D to determine light level in lux, then Table 140.6G to determine allowed lighting power density (watts per square foot) REMEMBER 1 FOOTCANDLE = 10 LUX

 NEW RULE: cannot use display lighting in the general lighting allowance. This will not be well liked by certain owners who employ all track lighting installations e.g. Crate and Barrel.

Installation Certificate requirements for specific applications  Lighting Control Systems  Energy Management Control Systems  Integral or external current limiters  Interlocked systems  Power Adjustment Factors  Videoconference Studios CERTIFICATION CAN BE PERFORMED BY ANY PERSON QUALIFIED TO SIGN DESIGN COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS

 Acceptance testing required and to be performed on:  Automatic daylighting controls  Multi-level Astronomical time clocks  Lighting Controls  Automatic Lighting Controls  Occupancy Sensors  Outdoor Lighting Controls  TESTING MUST BE PERFORMED AND CERTIFIED BY A “COOL CAT”

 Qualified and certified provider who is prequalified, has hands-on training, and passed a test.  Curriculum for an Acceptance Test Technician Certification Provider shall include the analysis, theory, and practical application of  Building Energy Efficiency Standards lighting controls acceptance testing procedures; and  Building Energy Efficiency Standards acceptance testing compliance documentation for lighting controls.

A Practical Example

EXAMPLE Simple 4200 sf store, E sized sheets Area Category Method Lighting Plan and Electrical Plans at ¼”=1’ scale– 1 sheet Risers and Schedules – 1 sheet All 27 compliance forms pasted on plans – 3 sheets

Neighborhood Grocery 4000 sf main sales area 240 sf stockroom/receiving 60 sf restroom Exterior urban setting USING THE AREA CATEGORY METHOD

Choice of Whole Building Method Area Category Method Tailored Method Combination of Area Category and Tailored Method LTI-01 series: Document checklist, summary values, schedule LTI-02 series: Controls checklists LTI-03 series: Power allowance calculations LTI-04 series: Tailored method calculations LTI-05 series: Track lighting

This project Area Category Method LTI-01 series: 5 sheets LTI-02 series: 5 sheets LTI-03 series: 3 sheets LTI-04 series: Not required LTI-05 series: Not required

Choice of watts per square foot or inherently efficient technology Forms are LTS-01 series: 4 sheets

Hardscape (general) lighting allowance plus use-it-or- lose it additional lighting allowance(s)  LT0-01 series: Document checklist, summary values, schedule  LTI-02 series: Controls checklists  LTI-03 series: Power allowance calculations

We use both hardscape lighting allowance and a use-it-or-lose it additional lighting allowance  LT0-01 series: 3 sheets  LTI-02 series: 3 sheets  LTI-03 series: 4 sheets

Basic, 4300 sf project Simple interior lighting, 3006 watts Simple exterior lighting, 277 watts Simple advertising slides for retail Interior lighting 13 sheets Exterior lighting 10 sheets Signs 4 sheets Total 27 sheets (~121 watts per sheet)