Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Session 9 1. Successful Teams 2. Teams in action – issues that can arise 3. Analysing team effectiveness

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Successful teams – 1. Success is determined by high grades – who determines success? 2. Success is defined in terms of the health of team interactions 3. Success is a matter of how much individual team members learn (Kahn, 2009)

3 Effective Teams - Prentice and Rabey  Clear Work Objectives  Good communication - up and down  Work together harmoniously  Keen to achieve results  Grievances discussed fully and frankly  Change is discussed prior to it happening  Trusted to do a job on their own  Process improvement  Group exercises its own discipline

4 EFFECTIVE TEAMS - Chaousis  Leadership - shared  Goals - team purpose and performance goals  Decision making - participative / consensus  Regular review of performance  Linkage with other teams in organisation  Relationships - trust

5 Effective Teams - James Lundy  Communication, Coordination and Cooperation Mutual trust and understanding agreed upon expectations awareness of potential benefits commitments to make them work open feedback regarding feelings anticipation of ways to resolve any potential differences

6 5 ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEAMS  Goals  Roles  Processes 1. Planning 2. Problem solving 3. Conflict resolution 4. Continuous improvements/others?  Relationships - That which binds the team together: Values Communications Trust Openness Collaboration  Interfaces How a team relates to other teams

CONFLICT 1. Self conflicts – intrapersonal 2. People conflicts – interpersonal 3. Team conflicts – intragroup/in- team, intergroup/between teams (after Stott & Walker)

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Causes of conflict – Team initiated – 1. Unclear roles & interdependencies 2. Limited resources 3. Decision making 4. Communication

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Causes of conflict – People initiated – 1. Disagreement over facts, goals, methods 2. Misunderstandings 3. Emotions, viewpoints, values

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Dealing with conflict – 1. Avoiding 2. Accommodating 3. Compromising 4. Competing 5. Collaborating (after Thomas Kilmann) “If you are patient in one moment of anger, you will escape a hundred days of sorrow” - Old Chinese proverb

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Group work – 1. Discuss examples of conflict which arose in a learning environment. 2. How was it handled – by the group, by the leader? 3. How could it have been managed better?

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Analysing team effectiveness – 1. Atmosphere, support 2. Group objectives, goals 3. Communications, capability 4. Handling conflict 5. Decision making 6. Criticism, trust 7. Expressing personal feelings 8. Task achievement 9. Leadership, control 10. Reviewing processes, participation, commitment (after Moxon)

Developing Teams, Analysis & Reflection Evaluating team work in learning 1. Outside observer 2. Student questionnaire 3. Systematic interaction scoring (Cohen, 1994)