Chapter 15 Thanks to Democracy We Will Learn About One of the Newest.

From Communism to Free Enterprise Russia an all of their satellite nations lost the cold war. World flipped upside down. What was major difference between Communism and free market economy? Make some lists!

Russia’s Economic Regions Russia is rich in resources. Divided into four regions. Moscow, Port Cities, Siberia, and the Volga and Ural Regions (apparently one). Moscow-Largest city, been around for 800 years. Has changed from heavy to light industry. Farming, railroads, mining, everything happens here.

Port Cities and More Kaliningrad and St. Petersburg important ports. Kaliningrad located away from most of Russia and moves products 200 miles to mainland Russia. Czar Peter the Great built St. Petersburg and built it on 100 islands, beautiful. Murmansk and Vladivostok are also important.

Siberia & The Volga & Urals Large supply of all raw resources but most is underdeveloped. Can take 8 days to travel across this by train. The Volga and Urals contain the best farmland. Mines and rivers are working overtime in this area on a regular basis.

Environmental Issues Having a hard time finding a balance. When they cut down forests, no new trees are planted. Nuclear plants are in disarray, chemical fertilizers are heavily used. Smog is prevalent, lung disease and cancer are rising, life expectancy has actually fallen. Poor sewer systems, nuclear weapons and waste disposed of improperly, so bad stuff…

Vocabulary Free market economy-the people, not the gov’t., decide what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who will buy them. Heavy industry- production of goods such as machinery, mining equipment, and steel Light industry- the production of consumer goods such as clothing, shoes, furniture, and household products. Nuclear energy- energy from controlled atomic reactions. Life expectancy- number of years that an average person is expected to live

Section 3: Republics Emerge When the Soviet Union crumbled some countries formed. The ones that formed near the Caucus mountains have had armed conflicts, and like many other former Soviet Republics, have done terrible things to the environment.

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia Armenia-Yerevan (A.D. 782) -3.2 million people- 94% Armenian Orthodox- sits on faults so experiences many earthquakes. Azerbaijan-Baku-8.2 million people- most of the people speak Azeri-mostly Muslim- much oil and grow cotton and tobacco. Georgia-Atlanta…jk… T’bilisi- 4.7 million, Christian,copper, coal, oil, and hydroelectricity.

Some of the Stans (All Muslim) Kazakhstan-Astana million- 4 times larger than Texas-steppe region-Mongol ancestry-copper, gold, & oil. Uzebekistan-Tashkent-larger than Cali.-Silk Road linked them and China 2000 years ago-large producers of cotton-oil, gold, and gas. Turkmenistan-Ashgabat-5.7 million- Large desert Garagum-oil-nomads Krygyzstan-Bishkek-5 million people-bilingual-Russian & Kirghiz- Tajikistan-Dushanbe-6.6 million- Civil War between Tajiks and minorities.

Tanzania Known for the Serengeti and Mount Kilamanjaro, and for Lake Victoria which is the largest lake in Africa.

Tanzania 80% of people here farm. Sisal is made for rope. The Serengeti covers 5600 square miles, with many ecotourists. Moving toward democracies and free enterprise economy. Islam and Christianity are here and Swahili is a widely spoken language here.

Vocabulary Coral reef-structure at or near the water’s surface formed by the skeletons of small sea animals Poaching- illegal hunting of protected animals Free enterprise system- economic system in which people start and run businesses with limited government intervention Cassava- plant with roots that can be ground into flour to make bread to porridge Sisal- plant fiver used to make rope and twine Habitat- type of environment in which a particular animal species Ecotourist- person who travels to another country to view its natural wonders