The Cold War Crash Course video! =y9HjvHZfCUI =y9HjvHZfCUI

Containment George F. Kennan created a policy known as containment - this policy stated that the United States should resist Soviet attempts to expand its power. Containment included economic aid, sanctions, and military force. Truman Doctrine Said that the United States would help people fight against oppressors Truman send aid to Greece and Turkey to help them fight Soviet pressure. How did the United States respond to Soviet actions in Europe? Marshall Plan An aid program to rebuild the economies of European countries to create stable conditions for democracies 17 countries received $13.4 billion dollars in aid. Helped build strong political support in Western Europe

The Red Scare The Main Idea The start of the Cold War and events at home helped trigger a Red Scare in the late 1940s and early 1950s - hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. Domino Theory - The belief that if the United States allowed one country to fall to Communism, then many more would follow suit, like a row of dominoes.

Joseph McCarthy and the Second Red Scare Joseph McCarthy was a senator who claimed that there were 205 known Communists working for the U.S. Department of State. A political cartoonist dubbed McCarthy’s tactic of spreading fear and making baseless charges McCarthyism. McCarthyism spread beyond the Senate into other branches of government, into universities, into labor unions, and into private businesses. The public came to view McCarthy’s tactics as unfair. The fear of communism remained, but Senator McCarthy and McCarthyism faded away.

Fighting Communism at Home Truman and Loyalty Truman investigated all federal employees to ensure the loyalty of government officials. The investigations turned up little evidence of disloyalty. This investigation made clear that Truman was serious about fighting communism. Investigating Communism The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) explored the possible Communist influence in the American film industry. The Hollywood Ten refused to answer HUAC questions about their beliefs or those of their colleagues.

The Berlin Wall It was built on August 13,1961 to keep the East Germans from fleeing to the West. Conditions in late1950 were terrible in East Germany and its citizens wanted out, they were losing a labor force and population. It went up over night and connections between the two sides were cut.

Space Race Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite into geocentric orbit on October 4, 1957 – US response: No! You can’t beat us! NASA formed Apollo 11 launched on July 16, 1969 and landed on the moon with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on July 20, race/videos/space-race-cold-war-front

Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion - April 17-19, 1961 an unsuccessful attempt by US-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow the government of the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro Increasing friction between the US and Castro's communist regime led President Eisenhower to break off diplomatic relations with Cuba in January The invasion plan was approved by Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy. Video!! U6UkrevWYeYhttp:// U6UkrevWYeY

The Tension Continues The Soviet premier, Nikita Khrushchev, capitalized on the failed invasion, allied with Castro, and secured from Castro the right to place nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Fidel Castro: Following the failed CIA- supported Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961, Fidel Castro increasingly turned to the Soviet Union for military aid. By the fall of 1962, work was underway on a series of medium-range ballistic missiles capable of reaching most American cities.

The Cuban Missile Crisis This was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war - The US armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever, and Soviets in Cuba were prepared to launch nuclear weapons to defend the island if it were invaded. The crisis began on October 15, 1962 when reconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under construction in Cuba. Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the US by the USSR

Danger off our shores: This newspaper map from the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis shows the distances from Cuba to various cities on the North American continent.

The Thaw Continues Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader and understands that the Soviet economy cannot compete with the West and increasing unrest in the country. He tries to reform the USSR with glasnost (= openness: think “glass” because you can see through it) and perestroika (=restructuring: think “structure/stroika”). Gorbachev is further pressured to reform the USSR when Reagan gives his speech in Germany challenging Gorbachev to “tear down this wall.” tYdjbpBk6Ahttp:// tYdjbpBk6A

The Wall Falls, 1989 Eventually East and West Germany are reunited in 1990.