Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-1 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary ANSYS BladeModeler 11.0 Practical 4: Axial Turbine Blade

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-2 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Concepts In this tutorial we will: – Input the initial blade settings – In meridional view, modify the hub and shroud curves – Adjust the blade profiles – Create additional layers and modify profiles on these layers – Modify the blade thickness – Define a leading and trailing edge ellipse – Export the model to TurboGrid

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-3 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Initial Meridional Configuration 1.Open BladeGen in Workbench 2.Click the New Model icon 3.Select Normal Axial tab 4.Select Ang/Thk as mode 5.Enter Parameters as shown 6.Click OK

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-4 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Initial Angle/Thickness Dialog 1.Set Nominal wrap = 5° 2.Set Thickness = 5 mm 3.Select 83 blades 4.Click Ok

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-5 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Meridional View Optimization Optimizing the meridional view – The most critical operation in the meridional view is to define the shape of the hub and shroud curve – The endpoints for these curves was specified when Initial Design Parameters were entered

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-6 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Inlet and Outlet Modification Defining Inlet and Outlet sections 1.Double click the shroud inlet point (top left) and enter 40 and 360 for the horizontal and vertical values. Click OK 2.Double click the hub inlet point (bottom left corner) and enter 40 and 254 for the horizontal and vertical values. Click OK 3.Double click the hub outlet point (bottom right corner) and enter 110 and 254 for the horizontal and vertical values. Click OK and 360 for the horizontal and vertical values. Click OK

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-7 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Hub and Shroud Curves Adjusting Blade Hub and Shroud Curve – By default, BladeGen creates the blade’s hub and shroud curves as curves with 5 control points For this example, a single straight edge is required Therefore, we can convert this curve to two control points 1.Left-click the blade’s hub curve 2.Right-click the mouse and select Convert Points to.. > Spline Curve Points… 3.In the Point Count Dialog, enter 2 points and select OK 4.Repeat this procedure for the blade’s shroud curve

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-8 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Angles at Shroud Adjusting Blade Angles at the Shroud in the Angle View 1.In the Angle View, make the Shroud layer active by selecting the black dot at the top of the layer column – It will turn red and the Shroud is now active 2.Right-click in the Angle view and select Adjust Blade Angles 3.In the Leading Edge tab, enter -4.65º for the Beta value. Enter -2.5º for the Theta value – The Tang Beta value will automatically be updated as 90º minus Beta 4.In the Trailing edge tab, enter a Theta angle of 2.15º and enter 70.10º for the Beta value – The Tangential Beta value will be automatically updated as 19.90º. All other values can remain as zero 5.Close the Blade Angle Dialog by selecting OK

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-9 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Shroud Beta Profile Adjusting the Shroud Beta Profile – In this example, simply setting the blade angles did not create the exact profile desired – The Beta curve needs further modification to create desirable profile – The blade angles can be further modified as follows; 1.Right-click in the Angle view and select Beta Definition 2.Right-click the mouse a second time in the Angle view and select Convert Points to.. > Spline Curve Points… 3.In the Point Count Dialog, enter 5 points and select OK 4.Modify the control points by dragging them with the left mouse button so that the beta curve looks similar to the figure on the following page

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-10 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Distribution of Angles at Shroud

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-11 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Profiles at Mid-Span Adjusting Blade Profiles at Mid-span Locations – It is often desirable to control the blade shape at more than just the hub and shroud locations – To control the blade profiles at more locations, additional Layers can be activated or generated – In this example, the layer generated at a span location of 0.5 will be used

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-12 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Additional Layer Activating an Additional Layer 1.Right-click in the Angle view and select Layer Control.. 2.Click the empty box to the left of Span to select the layer 3.Select OK 4.Set the Beta definition at the new Layer 5.Make the new layer active by select the new black dot at the mid-span location of the layer column. After you have selected it, the dot will turn red 6.Adjust the Blade Angles on the new layer (Right click in Angle View > Adjust Blade Angles):

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-13 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Distribution of Angles at New Layer 7.In the Leading Edge tab, enter -40.7º for the Beta value and enter -1.5º for the Theta value 8.In the Trailing edge tab, enter a Theta angle of 2.74º and enter 66.88º for the Beta value 9.Shape the Beta curve as shown

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-14 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Hub Blade Angles Adjusting the Hub Blade Angles 1.Make the Hub layer active by selecting the black dot at the bottom of the layer column 2.Set the leading edge Beta value of -67º and a trailing edge value of 42º 3.Shape the Beta curve similar to the shroud and midspan curves

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-15 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Thickness Profile Defining the Blade Thickness profile – By default, BladeGen assumes that the blade thickness profile is uniform from hub to shroud – If you try to make some thickness modifications at any layer other than the hub the warning message below appears – If the blade thickness is to be non-uniform from hub to shroud, additional layers must be activated: 1.Right-click in the Thickness view and select Layer Control… 2.In the Layer Control Dialogue, check the box beside the layer at Span: and Span: Select OK

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-16 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Thickness at Shroud Defining the Blade Thickness at the Shroud 1.Select the Shroud Layer in the Thickness view 2.Right-click the mouse in the Thickness view and select Convert Points to.. > Spline Curve Points… 3.In the Point Count Dialog, enter 3 points and select OK 4.Set the Leading edge thickness to 1.25mm by double- clicking the leading edge point and entering a thickness of 1.25mm 5.Set the Trailing edge thickness to 0.50mm 6.Double-click the middle point and set the thickness to The Meridional position can also be adjusted by setting the M value to 9

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-17 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Creating a Thickness Profile Now, extra control points can be added to create the profile as shown on the following page: 1.Right-click the mouse in the Thickness view and select Segment Operations.. > Insert Many Points… 2.Click to create the new point to one of the locations indicated by the black arrows in the figure on the following page Don’t worry about getting the locations perfect, this can be tweaked once all of the new points have been added 3.Repeat this process for the other point locations 4.After you have added all 4 points, Right-click the mouse and select Segment Operations.. > Insert Many Points… again to finish adding points 5.Click and drag to modify any of the new point locations as required

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-18 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Thickness at Shroud

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-19 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Thickness at Mid-Span Defining the Blade Thickness at Span Click on the black dot in the middle of the Layer Column in the Thickness view to make the span 0.5 layer active 2.Convert the Thickness curve to a spline with 3 Control Points 3.Set the Leading Edge to 1.1mm thickness, trailing edge to 0.5mm and the middle control point to a thickness of 5.5 at a Meridional distance of Create 4 extra control points as described previously to create a similar profile as shown above

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-20 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Blade Thickness at Hub Defining the Blade Thickness at the Hub 1.Click on the black dot at the bottom of the Layer Column in the Thickness view to make the hub layer active 2.Convert the Thickness curve to a spline with 3 Control Points 3.Set the Leading Edge to 1.0 mm thickness, trailing edge to 0.5mm and the middle control point to a thickness of 6.5 at a Meridional distance of 18 4.Create 4 extra control points to create a similar profile to those at the shroud and midspan – HINT: Right click on Thickness View > Show Curve for Each Defining Layer

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-21 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Type of LE and TE 1.Select Blade > Properties menu commands or the toolbar button located on the left hand side of the CFX-BladeGen window to set the blade properties 2.Set the LE/TE Ellipse tab, adjust the values as shown – All other values can remain unchanged Prescribing the Leading/Trailing Edge Ellipse

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-22 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Custom Output Layers Adding Custom Output Layers – A layer (streamline) is defined as a meridional curve that represents surface of revolution So far, layers have been used to control the blade angles and thickness profiles – Layers are also used for controlling the output from BladeGen – In this case, we want to add additional output layers to have a better blade definition for TurboGrid – For more detailed information, see the User’s Guide

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-23 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Additional Output Layers Creating Additional Output Layers at Constant Span Locations 1.Right-click the mouse in the Angle View and select Layer Control… from the pop-up menu 2.Select the Output tab and click the Create button 3.In the Layer Dialog, enter a span value of 0.05 and click OK 4.Repeat this procedure for span values of 0.1 and Click OK to close the Layer Control Dialog

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-24 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Additional Output Layers 1.Right-click the mouse in the Angle View and select Layer Control… from the pop-up menu 2.Select the Output tab and click the Create button 3.In the Layer Dialog, click the Shr Gap tab and enter LE gap of 4 and a TE gap of 3 as shown 4.Click OK Creating an Additional Output Layer at a Variable Span Location – Layers can also be generated at variable span locations as follows:

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-25 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Output Layers Verification Verifying the Output Layers 1.Under the Layer Control Dialog Box, ensure all output layers are selected

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-26 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Saving the Geomtery Setting the units 1.Navigate to Model > Properties 2.Set units to mm 3.Click Ok Saving the geometry 1.Click the Save as icon 2.Name the file Axial_Turbine_1.bgd

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-27 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Export the Geometry Exporting the geometry to TurboGrid 1.Click the TurboGrid Input Files icon 2.Accept the default filenames

Version 1.0 3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory # W4-28 BladeModeler 11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Training Manual Suggestions for Additional Work On your own: 1.Try creating a mesh in TurboGrid using the.curve files generated 2.Use BladeEditor to import the.bgd file into DesignModeler, and then create a mesh using CFX mesh 3.Use CFX Post to compare the two meshes created Check quality metrics like minimum angle and edge to length ratio