HISTOGRAM Shows distribution of data over a narrow range Used for multiple tests of same activity Analyze the MOST FREQUENT RESULT Identifies results that are unexpected Range of Test Results

HISTOGRAM IS NOT A BAR OR COLUMN GRAPH ARRANGES DATA IN “BINS” OR GROUPS OF RESULTS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF TIMES A RESULT IS PUT INTO A BIN

PARTS OF A HISTOGRAM AXES BINS BORDERS INTERVALS

AXIS (AXES) Y SHOWS THE NUMBER OF RESULTS FROM 0 TO AS MANY “TESTS” WERE DONE X SHOWS THE BINS AND THE BORDERS ACCORDING TO THE RANGE OF VALUES FROM LOW TO HIGH

BINS & BORDERS A BIN acts like a CUP that holds the data for that group BINS are arranged in order from low to high The sides of the bin have BORDERS which are ALL in an equal and specific interval range Example (from 68 to 72) is an interval of “4”; the next bin is _____ All bins must have equal valued interval ranges! Borders of bins touch each other; there are no spaces between them

INTERVALS & BORDERS If there is an exam result that is EXACTLY the same as the number on the right border, It ALWAYS falls into the next bin on the right!!! (ex: 72 goes into the second bin; 72 is a number on the right border of Put it into 72-76!)

Count up your results! Every time you “place” a test result in a bin, you count it as a “test result”; the y axis grows higher with each time you add a “result” to that bin. (Think of putting each final exam into a series of buckets in that range!) The example on the title sheet shows “12” test results for the bin to +0.02

PREPARATION 1.ARRANGE ALL GRADES FROM LOW TO HIGH 2.VALUES THAT ARE REPEATED—LIST THE NUMBER OF TIMES THEY ARE REPEATED 3.GROUP VALUES SO THAT THEY FIT INTO BINS

PREPARATION ( CONTINUED ) 4.Identify the INTERVAL RANGE that has the MOST FREQUENT RESULTS (MFR). 5.Make sure that the MOST FREQUENT RESULTS (MFR) will go into the tallest bin NOT ending on a number that is a RIGHT border.

MAKING THE HISTOGRAM GRAPH PAPER! SEE DATA SHEET FOR SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS LABEL TOP RIGHT CORNER WITH NAME, PER, AND DATE REMEMBER LANDSCAPE FORMAT!

Do a practice Histogram on Final Exam Grades! See Data sheet 1.Use a ruler, calculator, and graph paper to make a Histogram of the Biology Exam Grades 2. Answer questions on Handout & Data sheet

READING THE HISTOGRAM Look for the INTERVAL on the x axis that has the MOST FREQUENT RESULT (MFR). Count the Number of Results on the y axis that are in that interval range

MFR The interval range that contains the most frequently occurring result expresses the most likely group of answers. The histogram does not focus on ONE answer but an ACCEPTABLE RANGE for that final grades.

If the interval range was the same but borders were changed? Will you have the same MFR range? Do you get different groupings of test results…?