Introduction to Biology Unit 4

BIOLOGY BIO= Life OLOGY= study of BIOLOGY = Study of Life!

5 Characteristics of Living Things:  Organized structure  Made of cells!  Grow and Develop  Respond to Environment  Reproduce*  Need/use energy

Quick Comprehension ! Remember…to be considered alive, something must meet ALL 5 of the characteristics on the previous slide! Test your skills on the next 5 slides…

1. Living or Nonliving?

2. Living or Nonliving?

3. Living or Nonliving?

4. Living or Nonliving?

5. Living or Nonliving?

Did You Answer Correctly? 1.Tree = Living 2.Fire = Non-living 3.Cell phone = Non-living 4.Clouds = Non-living 5.Water = Non-living Some of these items meet some of the characteristics…but only #1 meets all 5!

Let’s Start With Organized Structure… Organism- A living thing made up of AT LEAST one cell (most have many cells) Wait a Minute!....What‘s a cell???

What is a Cell? Cell - the smallest unit of any living thing

2 Types of Organisms: One Cell or Many Cells? Unicellular Organisms made up of only ONE cell Examples: bacteria, some protists Multicellular Organism made up of MANY cells Examples: plants, animals, humans

OK…The Truth About Cells: The reason cells are important to life is summarized in the Cell Theory : 1.Every living thing is made of one or more cells. 2.Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. 3.Cells can only come from other living cells.

Cell Theory: Example 1.Every living thing is made up of one or more cells. A polar bear is a multicellular organism. 2. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. Every type of cell has a different function, for example fat cells provide extra energy as well as insulation. 400x 3. Cells come only from other living cells. Each polar bear cub began as a single cell. That single cell split into 2, those 2 split into 4 and so on…

Quick Comprehension! See if you can answer the following without looking at your notes or the previous slides!

1. Quick Comprehension What Is Biology ?

2. Quick Comprehension What determines if something is living?

3. Quick Comprehension What’s a cell ?

4. Quick Comprehension What is this cell theory and why do I care?

5. Quick Comprehension What are the 2 types of organisms?

Did You Answer Correctly? 1.Biology = the study of life! 2.5 characteristics of a living thing: organized structure (made of cells), grow & develop, responds to environment, reproduces, need/use energy 3.Cell = the smallest unit of any living thing 4.Cell Theory = Every living thing is made of one or more cells, cells carry out the functions needed to support life, cells can only come from other living cells AND because you are made of cells…duh. 5.2 types of organisms: unicellular & multicellular

Guess What? There Are Also 2 Types of Cells! EukaryoticProkaryotic

2 Types of Cells Eukaryotic Cell HAS A NUCLEUS EXAMPLE: plant and animal cells (multicellular organisms have this type of cell) Prokaryotic Cell NO NUCLEUS EXAMPLE: bacteria cells (unicellular organisms have this type of cell) Nucleus What is the exception to the rule?

Exception to the Rule Protists! You should remember them from 7 th grade…amoeba, euglena, volvox, paramecium etc. They can be unicellular and eukaryotic

Quick Comprehension ! Determine whether the next 8 examples are: – unicellular or multicellular AND – prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Helpful Hint: You should review the characteristics of both before you start!

1. Unicellular or Multicellular? E. Coli Bacteria Cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

2. Unicellular or Multicellular? Human Red Blood Cells Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

3. Unicellular or Multicellular? Fungi Cell Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

4. Unicellular or Multicellular? Human Cheek Cells Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

5. Unicellular or Multicellular Onion Root Cells Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic

6. Unicellular or Multicellular? Spiral Bacteria Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

7. Unicellular or Multicellular Leaf Cells Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

8. Unicellular or Multicellular Protists Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Did You Answer Correctly? 1.E. coli bacteria cells = unicellular, prokaryotic 2.Human red blood cells = multicellular, eukaryotic 3.Fungi cell = multicellular, eukaryotic 4.Human cheek cells = multicellular, eukaryotic 5.Onion root cells = multicellular, eukaryotic 6.Spiral bacteria cells = unicellular, prokaryotic 7.Leaf cells = multicellular, eukaryotic 8.Protists = unicellular, eukaryotic (remember, they are the exception to the rule!) If you are having trouble with this be sure to ask next class!!

Tie It Together…What Do All Cells Need? Regardless if an organism is unicellular or multicellular – prokaryotic or eukaryotic…what do they all need to function???? ENERGY!!!!

Where Do They Get Their Energy? It Depends… Animal Cells – consume food and their cells create energy through the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION Plant Cells – use the sunlight and their cells convert it into energy through the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS