PHYSICAL SCIENCE UNIT 1

PHYSICAL SCIENCE UNIT 1 CONCEPT 1: Scientific inquiry is based on making observations and asking questions Distinguish between what is science and what is not science. Conduct systematic observations and pose questions. CONCEPT 2 Physical properties can be used to identify substances. Precision and accuracy

EQ: What is and is not science? Pp3 +4 *Science is METEOR (acronym) -Measurable, Evidence can be collected, Testable, Empirical (can be tested by experimentation). Observable, Repeatable( tests are repeatable + similar ). *Not Science -is negative of METEOR – not testable or any test is not repeatable, no evidence, not measurable. * Also, non scientific includes- opinion, personal taste, imagination, supernatural. EQ: What are the goals of science understand patterns of nature explain events of nature predict events of nature

Theory Law

.EQ: What are the steps in Scientific Method? (Acronym shows sequence) Please O rder Quickly (HERE) H ypothesis E xperiment R esults E nd. PROBLEM  OBSERVATION  QUESTION  HYPOTHESIS…educated guess…IF…THEN statement EXPERIMENT..research or activity to test Hypothesis CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT-Only 1 single variable is Changed/tested INDEPENDENT Variable =-Treatment -IT (Acronym) DEPENDENT-Variable =Measurable Response RESULTS- Reports, Charts, Tables QUALITATIVE Data-observable QUANTATIVE Data-Numerical/numbers INFERENCE-conclusion based on observation PEER REVIEW–Scientists’ work is criticized and evaluated by peers of same academic level to ensure results are accurate and can be trusted with no bias pp12 ATTITUDES OF A SCIENTIST-PPg.10 THEORY….well tested Hypothesis..tested many times pp13 LAW…basic principle underlying science concepts and acceptable in all countries

What are 2 types of properties? Matter has observable and measurable qualities or characteristics =properties Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up. FlammabilityRustingCreating gas bubbles Creating a new chemical product Reactivity with water pH

Physical Properties Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter. – Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else. HardnessTextureColor OdorTasteTemperature

More EXAMPLES - Physical SOLIDS -size, shape,color, density, weight, crystalline, amorphous,tensile strength, elasticity, malleability, ductility,hardness, thermal expansion. LIQUIDS -freezing point, boiling point, melting point, viscosity, density, temperature GASES -temperature, pressure 3 States of Matter

Properties of Matter-Words to Know… MASS=A measure of how much matter is in an object. WEIGHT=A measure of the force of gravity on an object DENSITY-The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume Density=Mass/Volume (Formula)

States of Matter There are different “states” of matter. No, not like Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. States of matter are also known as phases (a physical state of matter). Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present. Solid Liquid Gas

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error 12 Science, Measurements, Uncertainty and Error

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error 13 Measurement and Uncertainty Most experiments require scientists to make measurements. Measurements are rarely exactly the same. Measurements are always somewhat different from the “true value.” These deviations from the true value are called errors.

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error 14 Precision and Accuracy in Measurements Precision How reproducible are measurements? Accuracy How close are the measurements to the true value. Here we comapre values to a standard

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error 15 Dartboard analogy Imagine a person throwing darts, trying to hit the bulls-eye. Not accurate Not precise Accurate Not precise Not accurate Precise Accurate Precise

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error16 Precision of a Measurement The last digit is an estimate. The precision is limited by the instrument. Measurement ≈ cm

Science, Measurement, Uncertainty and Error 17 Dealing with Errors Identify the errors and their magnitude. Try to reduce the magnitude of the error. HOW? – Better instruments – Better experimental design – Collect a lot of data

Physical Science UNIT 1-VOCAB Show your understanding of each word by making connections in words or diagrams 1.1(pp58-71) Scientific-method, variables, independent-variable, dependent-variable, inference, control-group, data, theory, hypothesis, observation, science, pseudoscience, peer-review, bias, opinion, empirical, scientific-law, conclusion, repeatable, inquiry, 1.2-(pp28-47)accuracy, density, mass, precision, volume, SI units, physical- properties, chemical- properties