HIV budding from a T-cell Homework #1 due 2/7 Bonus #1 due 2/28

Four types of molecules that are primarily found in living systems (biomolecules): Carbohydrates/ Sugars Nucleotides- DNA/RNA Amino Acids- Proteins Lipids- fats/phospholipids

Information flow in cells Protein CB 5.25

CB 5.13 Lipids and Fats- membranes/energy storage Polar/ Hydrophilic head Non-polar/ Hydrophobic tail

CB 7.2 Membranes act as barriers separating inside from outside

CB 7.7 Membranes have associated proteins

CB 5.14 Are membranes solid or fluid?

CB 7.6 Testing membrane fluidity

CB 7.5 Membrane lipids are in constant motion

CB 7.5 Too much movement can lead to leaks Too little movement can lead solidification and leaks

CB 7.5 In cold teperatures cells can increase double bonds, unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder In hot temperatures cells can decrease the number of double bonds, saturated lipids, decreasing disorder coldhot

CB 5.13 Lipids and Fats- membranes/energy storage Polar/ Hydrophilic head Non-polar/ Hydrophobic tail

CB 7.5 In cold conditions cells can increase double bonds, unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder In hot conditions cells can decrease the number of double bonds, saturated lipids, decreasing disorder coldhot

CB 6.9 Animal Cell

Viruses CB 18.2

Viruses are very simple, and come in a variety of shapes/compositions CB 18.4

Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria: (modified from Campbell “Biology”) 1. They must have organization. 2. They must have metabolism. 3. They must respond to the environment. 4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.

Viruses only harm cells by invading them and using the cell to reproduce

Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria: (modified from Campbell “Biology”) 1. They must have organization. 2. They must have metabolism. 3. They must respond to the environment. 4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.

basic viral reproductive cycle CB 18.5

The Lytic Cycle CB 18.7

The Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles CB 18.7 Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle

the relationship between viruses and disease

Membrane protein Viruses enter cells via specific membrane proteins; thus viral infections are usually cell specific.

an Envelope Virus CB 18.8

human immune cell (T-cell) HIV Reproductive Cycle CB 18.10

HIV infects the T-cells of the human immune system CB 43.14

Stages of HIV infection

human immune cell (T-cell) HIV Reproductive Cycle CB 18.10

Viruses CB 18.2 Homework #1 due 2/7 Bonus #1 due 2/28

Videos about the reproductive cycle of Herpes virus From: