Overview of the Rare Isotope Science Project Sun Kee Kim

Science Business Belt Accelerator complex Institute for Basic Science

4. Organizational Structure 4 Auditor President Scientific Advisory Board Secretariats Office of Policy Planning Office of Research Services Office of Administrative Services Research Center (Headquarters) Research Center (Extramural) Accelerator Institute (Affiliated Institution) Board of Directors Research Center (Campus) 50 research centersaffiliated research institutes IBS consists of 50 research centers, supporting organizations, and affiliated research institutes Each Research Center : ~50 staff, average annual budget ~ 9 M USD The number of staff: 3,000 (2017, including visiting scientists and students) Annual Budget: USD 610 million (2017, including operational cost for the Accelerator Institute) Organization of IBS (Institute for Basic Science) Rare Isotope Science Project

Research Topics with Rare Isotopes 4  Nuclear Physics  Exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line  Superheavy Elements (SHE)  Equation-of-state (EoS) of nuclear matter  Nuclear Astrophysics  Origin of nuclei  Paths of nucleosynthesis  Neutron stars and supernovae  Nuclear data with fast neutrons  Basic nuclear reaction data for future nuclear energy  Nuclear waste transmutation  Atomic/Particle physics  Atomic trap  Fundamental symmetries Origin of Elements Stellar Evolution Application of Rare Isotopes  Material science  Production & Characterization of new materials   -NMR /  SR  Medical and Bio sciences  Advanced therapy technology  Mutation of DNA  New isotopes for medical imaging

IsotopeReactionEnergyIntensitySourceComments 15 O 15 O(α,γ) 19 Ne< 10 A MeV>10 11 ppsISOL(O-16) Escape Process to rp process from hot CNO cycle 45 V 45 V(p,γ) 46 Cr0.613 ~ 2.25 A MeV>10 7 ~ 10 9 IF → ISOL Gas stopping Reaction contributing to the explosion of Core-collapse SN 132 Sn 132 Sn+ 208 Pb : 204 Pt 126 +X>100 A MeV>10 9 ppsISOL(U-238) Change of nuclear structure, shell structure near N=126 neutron rich isotopes; 204 Pt, 196 Yb

Target spallation, fission by energetic light projectile Projectile fragmentation Making Rare Isotope Beam IF(In-Flight Fragmentation) Heavy ion beam  thin target projectile fragmentation  high energy RI beam or  stopping and reacceleration IF(In-Flight Fragmentation) Heavy ion beam  thin target projectile fragmentation  high energy RI beam or  stopping and reacceleration ISOL(Isotope Separator On-Line) p  thick target (eg. Uranium Carbide) fission fragments  rare isotopes ISOL(Isotope Separator On-Line) p  thick target (eg. Uranium Carbide) fission fragments  rare isotopes

7 Rare Isotope Factory  High intensity RI beams by ISOL & IF 70kW ISOL from direct fission of 238 U induced by 70MeV, 1mA p 400kW IF by 200MeV/u, 8pμA 238 U  High energy, high intensity & high quality neutron-rich RI beams 132 Sn with up to ~250MeV/u, up to 9x10 8 pps  More exotic RI beams by ISOL+IF+ISOL(trap)  Simultaneous operation modes for the maximum use of the facility AcceleratorBeam specificationComponents Driver Linac p, 600 MeV, U+78, 200 MeV, 8 pμA ECR-IS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, QWR, H WR, Charge Stripper, SSR1, SSR2 Post LinacRI, ~ 18 MeV/u Charge Breeder, ECL-IS, LEBT RFQ, MEBT, QWR, HWR Cyclotronp, 70 MeV, 1mA Cyclotron, Pulsed ion source, Charge Stripper, Beam line

Concept of the Accelerator Complex Driver Linac Future Extension 200 MeV/u (U), 8 pμA Stripper 18 MeV/u SCL RFQ SCL 28 GHz SC ECR IS H 2 +, D + Spallation, Fission Target RF Cooler Mass Separator Post Linac ECR IS SCL RFQ Charge Breeder 10 keV/u Nuclear Data Low Energy Experiments 0.3 MeV/u1~5 MeV/u18 MeV/u High Energy Experiments μSR Medical Research 400 kW Target Fragment Separator Atomic Trap Experiments 70 kW Cyclotron Gas Catcher, Gas cell Material Science Beta-NMR U 33+ Nuclear Astrophysics Material science, Bio science Medical science, Nuclear data Atomic / Nuclear physics Nuclear Physics Medical science Material science SC Linac 200MeV/u for 238U, 600 MeV for p  IF driver, high power ISOL driver Cyclotron 70 MeV for p  ISOL driver SC Linac ISOL post accelerator 18 MeV/u

RI from ISOL by Cyclotron 9 LINAC Experimental Hall Beam line [for acceleration] Beam line [for experiment] Target building IFF LINAC ISOL LINAC Future plan 200 MeV/u (U) Stripper SC ECR IS Cyclotron K~100 Fragment Separator Charge Breeder SCL RFQ SCL Low energy experiments ISOL target In-flight target μ, Medical research Atom trap experiment H 2 + D+ Nuclear Astrophysics Material science Bio science Nuclear data Atomic / Nuclear physics Medical science Nuclear Physics Future extension area 3. ISOL  IFF  ISOL (trap) 1. ISOL  low E RI 2. ISOL  high E RI 1 2 ISOL with cyclotron driver (70 kW) 3 High energy experiments

RI from IFF by High-Power SC LINAC and High-Intensity Stable HI beams November 10-12, 2011YITP-KoRIA Workshop10 LINAC Experimental Hall Beam line [for acceleration] Beam line [for experiment] Target building IFF LINAC ISOL LINAC Future plan 200 MeV/u (U) Stripper SC ECR IS Cyclotron K~100 Fragment Separator Charge Breeder SCL RFQ SCL Low energy experiments ISOL target In-flight target μ, Medical research Atom trap experiment H 2 + D+ Nuclear Astrophysics Material science Bio science Nuclear data Atomic / Nuclear physics Medical science Nuclear Physics Future extension area IFF  high E RI 7. High E stable heavy ions 4. Low E stable heavy ions 5. IFF  low E RI or ISOL (trap) Stable HI beams IFF with stable heavy ions High energy experiments 17.5 MeV/u (U) > 11 pμA

RI from ISOL by High-Power SC LINAC (Long term future upgrade option) November 10-12, 2011YITP-KoRIA Workshop11 LINAC Experimental Hall Beam line [for acceleration] Beam line [for experiment] Target building Driver LINAC ISOL LINAC Future plan 600 MeV, 660  A protons Stripper SC ECR IS Cyclotron K~100 Fragment Separator Charge Breeder SCL RFQ SCL Low energy experiments ISOL target In-flight target μ, Medical research Atom trap experiment H 2 + D+ Nuclear Astrophysics Material science Bio science Nuclear data Atomic / Nuclear physics Medical science Nuclear Physics Future extension area 8. High power ISOL ISOL with IFF LINAC -future high-power driver -400 kW (or ~MW) ISOL upgrade 8 High energy experiments

12 Ion Species Z/ A Ion source outputSC linac output Charge Current (pµA) Charge Current (pµA) Energy (MeV/u) Power (kW) Proton1/ Ar18/ Kr36/ Xe54/ U92/ IF Linac Beam Specification

13 IsotopeHalf-lifeYield at target (pps)Overall eff. (%)Expected Intensity (pps) 78 Zn1.5 s2.75 x x Kr0.2 s7.44 x x Rb170 ms7.00 x x Cd1.24 s1.40 x x Sn40 s4.68 x x In180 ms1.15 x x Xe1.22 s5.11 x x Estimated RIBs based on ISOL * Calculated by Dr. B. H. Kang (Hanyang Univ.) for proton beams of 70 MeV and 1 mA with 3 cm thick UC 2 target of 2.5 g/cm 3

Front-End System E.S.Kim’s talk tomorrow

Choice of optimal geometric beta 15 RISP: 0.047(QWR), 0.120(HWR), 0.30(SSR), 0.53(SSR) FRIB: 0.041, 0.085, 0.29, 0.53 Dong-O Jeon’s talk this afternoon

 = 0.047, f = MHz 8 cm 77.8 cm 22 cm 18 cm 2 cm 6 cm 8 cm 2.89 cm cm 7.68 cm  4 cm Optimization of Cavity Geometry in progress Sattorov’s talk this afternoon

Present Charge Stripping Section – 90° bend 18.5 MeV/u U ions with charge states of → Magnetic rigidity = 1.88 T·m Stripping foil, Liquid Li, Gas He 17/19 Stripper Charge Selector 20º bending dipole Chicane structure for charge selection (length: ~ 27 m) Quadrupole doublet Correction Sextupole Stripping foil Charge selection slit Slit

Driver SC Linac Lattice 18 NC quadrupole Previous Driver SCL with SC solenoids Driver SCL with NC doublets SC cavityQWR HWR Design to accelerate high intensity ion beams Flexile operation to meet the needs of various user groups beam box Dong-O Jeon’s talk this afternoon

SCL Design 1 QWR + 1 QD 2 HWR + 1 QD 3 HWR + 1 QD 6 SSR + 1 QD SCL Cavity structure Frequencyβgβg Number of cavities Output energy SCL1 QWR81.25 MHz MeV/u (U +33 ) HWR162.5 MHz MeV/u (U +33 ) SCL2 SSR325 MHz MeV/u (U +79 ) SSR325 MHz MeV/u (U +79 ) 8 SSR + 1 QD

Conceptual Layout of ISOL Target and Rare Isotope Beam Transport Line

- Design of the experimental facilities in conceptual level - User training program with the international collaboration Nuclear Structure Nuclear Matter Nuclear Astrophysics Atomic physics Nuclear data by fast neutrons Material science Medical and Bio sciences Facilities for the scientific researches Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer (LAMPS) Korea Recoil Spectrometer (KRS) Atom & Ion Trap System neutron Time-of-Flight (n-ToF) Β-NMR/NQR Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) Laser Selective Ionizer Heavy Ion Therapy Irradiation Facility 21 Multi-Purpose Spectrometer High Resolution Spectrometer

: Nuclear collision experiment with 132 Sn of ~250 MeV per nucleon Dipole acceptance ≥ 50mSr Dipole length =1.0 m TOF length ~8.0 m Conceptual Design of LAMPS (high energy) Dipole magnet: We can also consider the large aperture superconducting dipole magnet (SAMURAI type). For B=1.5 T, p/Z ≈ 1.5 GeV/c at 30 o For B=1.5 T, p/Z ≈ 0.35 GeV/c at 110 o Neutron-detector array Low p/Z High p/Z Solenoid magnet Science Goal: using isototpes with high N/Z at high energy for Nuclear structure Nuclear EOS Symmetry energy EX: : Nuclear collision of 132 Sn of ~250 MeV/u

Status and Plan Conceptual Design report (Mar Feb. 2011) IAC review (Jul – Oct. 2011) Rare Isotope Science Project started in IBS (Dec. 2011) RISP Workshop on accelerator systems (May 6 – 9, 2012)RISP Workshop on accelerator systems (May 6 – 9, 2012) --- Today ! Today ! --- TAC ( May 10, 2012), IAC( June or July, 2012)TAC ( May 10, 2012), IAC( June or July, 2012) Baseline Design Summary (by Jun 2012)Baseline Design Summary (by Jun 2012) Technical Design Report (by Jun. 2013)Technical Design Report (by Jun. 2013)

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