Social Security Department International Labour Office (ILO) M easuring S ocial P rotection Taking stock of our statistical knowledge F. Bonnet International Labour Office, Geneva, 2010

Why? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Main objective  Collected information should  Allow calculation of indicators for specific social security schemes & selected aggregate indicators at national level for as many countries as possible (including decent work indicators with respect to its social security dimension);  Constitute a basis for analysis within the framework of studies and research work; (e.g. the World Social Security Report)  Possibly contribute to practical tools such as the SPF rapid assessment (overview of SP activities at the national level)  Be accessible to internal and external users (but regulated)  Building a knowledge base at the global level  Objective: Collect, store and disseminate, on a regular and sustainable basis, comparable statistics on the financing, expenditure, benefit levels & coverage of social security systems/programmes.  Rationale: Address the lack of (comparable) social security statistics outside the OECD world

What ? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Scope  Covers both statutory schemes and some non-statutory schemes  Covers both private and public schemes  Type of data | Mainly administrative from social security institutions which administer the scheme: administrative. Household survey data for a few (too few) countries  Functions covered  Old age; disability; survivors; sickness and health; unemployment; employment injury & occupational disease; family/children, and maternity (C102).  Supplemented by housing; other income support and assistance (n.e.c.) /social exclusion  Compatibility | Systematic approach compatible with existing statistical frameworks used in the EU (ESSPROS) and the OECD  Focus on developing countries (EU and OECD countries being covered by existing databases — expenditure data at least)

How? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Main “complementary” channels for data collection  Channel 1 | Data collection at the country level –Ideally: direct entry online by social security institutions –Reality: A national coordinator and hard work of identifying schemes and looking for information or including data available in annual or statistical reports of national social security institutions  Channel 2 | Including data from available international sources and promoting the use of the social security inquiry methodology and tool by other organisations (ISSA, ADB, others) –Data from the ISSA statistical database on social security in developing countries included in SSI –ADB Social Protection Index data [Expenditure & beneficiaries] –OECD SOCX Social expenditure database: “Automatized” import into the social security inquiry (under development for ESPROSS)

Where & How? | Countries covered & main sources OECD & Eurostat (31) Benefit expenditure from OECD SOCX database Expenditure & Revenue from Eurostat Issue: No data on coverage Completed when possible for a few countries (e.g. Australia, New-Zealand, Canada) ADB | Social Protection Index (30) Data on expenditure & beneficiaries Comprehensive overview for one or two years Some countries partially updated Issues: regular updates and find more detailed information ISSA countries (21) Source: ISSA statistical database on social security in developing countries. Long term benefits (main schemes) & in some cases employment injury Public compulsory statutory schemes When possible, completed & updated with national available data Issues Stop the process in 2006|07. The objective is to re-activate the network of ISSA members & use SSÌ Complete the overview National coordinator & Other sources National coordinator (18) contacting & collecting data from social security institutions (recently Ukraine, Senegal, and Paraguay under process) Issues: i) potentially efficient to identify schemes but also the most costly option; ii) regularity and sustainability of the process of data collection National reports & websites (29)  Social security institutions’ annual and statistical reports & websites  Data collected in the context of specific projects P&B | Target countries for outcome 4.1 (2010/11) 20 countries to be covered during the current biennium Some already partially covered thanks to existing information but to be completed and updated, some under-way or planned

Guided tour | Screen shots: “a guided tour in the inquiry” Levels of information & sources 1. Generic text… to be customised 2. Data availability in SSI Thailand & main limitations 3. Main social security institutions websites, statistical office, Gess country profile if any, etc. What?  Economic & financial information  Population & Employment Used as denominator for indicators  Social security expenditure & revenue (IMF, ESSPROS) Sources  International data sources (automatic insertion)  National sources National level SSI Core data Social security institutions | individual scheme data Social security institutions | individual scheme data Data entry online possible Scheme level Automatic calculation of national aggegate indicators

Step 1 | Inventory of social security schemes & definition of each scheme Guided tour | Screen shots: “a guided tour in the inquiry” Thailand - An Inventory of schemes Step 2 | Individual scheme information Qualitative & Quantitative First part | Textual information & direct links Description of the scheme including information from SSPTW Second part | Quantitative information at the scheme level Target group, Affiliated | active contributors, expenditure & revenue Step 3 | Inventory of benefits provided by the scheme & data collection (beneficiaries, expenditure and benefit level

What? | Thailand – Unemployment benefit scheme Thailand SSO Unemployment benefit 1. | Definition of benefit: function, periodicity, cash or in-kind, means tested of not A benefit is defined by: The function covered: old age, survivors, maternity, etc. Basic or supplementary benefit The periodicity: (periodic or not) The type: cash or in kind Beneficiaries: individuals or households Means-tested or not 2. | Expenditure at the benefit level 3. | Beneficiaries, if possible by sex & age group

What for? | Indicators at the national level Systematic calculation of a set of aggregate indicators Expenditure indicators (30 indicators in total), such as –Total social security expenditure as a percentage of GDP –Expenditure by social security branch Coverage indicators by function (or social security branch) – around 10 indicators per social security branch –Protection indicators (contributors and affiliated), such as: Trends in the number of active contributors in proportion of the working age (or economically active population) by function –Recipients indicators (beneficiaries) Trends in the number of beneficiaries for a given contingency (e.g. Old age pensioners (at all ages or above retirement age) as a proportion of elderly population (%))  Benefit level indicators under development ● Depending on data availability and type of indicators ● Trends from 2000 to 2008 (especially for old age & unemployment) ● Results for total and by sex Coverage indicators

Indicators section View all indicators for this country What for? | Aggregate indicators online Option 1 All indicators for a given country China | View all available indicators (2000 to 2008) Option 2 Consultation of All countries for a given indicator: Share of unemployed receiving unemployment benefits

SSI | Current situation  Significant recent expansion thanks to joint efforts with the inclusion of ISSA, ADB and OECD countries –Agreement of joint activities on the point to be signed between OECD, ADB and ILO  Including OECD countries, SSI includes around one hundred countries with “some” data –More data on expenditure | Less on coverage & benefit level –Limited or no coverage information on health care but more on pensions and unemployment  Supplemented when possible by complementary data: mostly household survey data  One first significant “output”: the first edition of the World Social Security Report (WSSR 2010/11)

2. WSSR | The World Social Security Report 2010/11 Providing coverage in times of crisis and beyond World Social Security Report 2010/11 Workspace  World social security report section  The first in a series of World Social Security Reports  Objectives –To present the knowledge available on social security coverage worldwide; and identify existing coverage gaps; –To provide a factual basis which helps to monitor the global progress on social security coverage and thus support the ILO’s & national campaigns to extend coverage  Deals with i) the scope, extent and level of coverage; ii) scale of countries investment in social security and…  One specific topic in each new edition,  “the crisis” in 2010/11 and “Social security and women in rural areas in 2012/13”  A complete set of resources: data, graphs & databases available online

Old age coverage < 20% Percentage of elderly receiving an old age retirement pension WSSR | Indicators: Old age pension coverage (contributory & non-contributory schemes) — Proportion of elderly receiving a pension

Unemployment — Effective coverage Source; Social security inquiry & Co. Less than one third No statutory unemployment scheme WSSR | Indicators and further analysis Unemployed receiving unemployment benefits

PART 1 | Monitoring the state of social security coverage PART 2 | Thematic focus — Social security in times of crisis Chapter 1 | Definitions, standards and concepts WSSR | Chapters: “Meli-Melo” of graphs Chapter 2 | Scope of social security coverage around the world Number of branches covered by a statutory social security programme, 2008–09 Chapter 3 | Social health protection coverage The global deficit in social health protection coverage and effective access to health services in 2006 Chapter 4 | Coverage by social security pensions: Income security in old age Old-age pension beneficiaries as a proportion of the elderly by income level, various countries, latest available year Chapter 5 | Income support to the unemployed Unemployed receiving unemployment benefits, selected countries, latest available year Chapter 6 | Coverage by other branches of social security Active contributors or protected persons as a percentage of working- age population and employment, latest available year Chapter 7 | Minimum income support and other social assistance Social protection expenditure by type (ADB definitions), selected countries, 2008 (percentage of GDP) Chapter 8 | Investments in social security: Amounts, results and efficiency Social security expenditure by region, weighted by population, latest available year (percentage of GDP) Chapter 9 | A first approximation of a success factor analysis Resources committed, statutory provision and coverage achieved: A mapping of countries by income level Thematic focus | Social security in times of crisis Number of unemployed receiving social security unemployment benefits, weighted average, selected countries, 2007–10 (Index value 100 = January 2008)

Concluding remarks | Challenges & Strategy  There is need for data and we face some common challenges –Availability & quality of statistical information in particular in developing countries –Fragmentation of interventions: Multiplicity of actors and higher share of non governmental interventions –Deficit of coordination & network of social protection providers and social protection statistics providers at the national level  Strategy – Build on existing data and gradually improve the knowledge base – Contribute to build capacity at the national level – Enhance the use of household survey data for coverage measures and develop some complementary tools, in particular social security oriented modules in household surveys (HBS, LFS) – Develop partnerships and set up agreed and shared methodologies  Make the Social Security Inquiry “Non-ILO limited”  Build a network of collaborators  Combine efforts!

 Gess and Statistics | Useful World social security report, statistics & indicators, etc. ILO databases The social security inquiry Public access | Admin Public accessAdmin Non-ILO databases

2 nd entry point for SSI | Country profiles China Link to SSI

WSSR | The World Social Security Report 2010/11  Gess and Statistics | The World Social Security Report Gess and Statistics | The World Social Security Report WSSR Pdf of the WSSR Access to graphs & figures Access to annex tables