The Muslim World 600 A.D. – 1250 A.D. Blue Mosque, inspired by Muslim tradition. Istanbul, Turkey.
1.Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam. 2.Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. 3.Identify Islamic beliefs and practices. Keep these objectives in mind.
Tolerance of other cultures and a focus on learning help Muslim leaders build an empire that includes parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
The Rise of Islam Muhammad unifies the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam.
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
The Arabian Peninsula Crossroads of three continents. Africa, Asia, Europe Desert with small amount of fertile land
Desert and Town Life
Bedouins are Arab nomads They live in the desert
Bedouins live in clans The clan gives support to members Some Arabs settle near oases or market towns
Many sea and land trade routes pass through Arabia It is the crossroads of trade and ideas
Mecca
Pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at the Ka’aba An ancient shrine Abraham and his son Ishmael built it The most sacred place of worship Ka’aba
Some tribes worship many gods and spirits Some bring idols to Ka’aba Some Arabs believe in one God – Allah in Arabic
The Prophet Muhammad
Early Life 570 A.D. Muhammad is born into a powerful Meccan clan Becomes a trader Marries wealthy businesswoman, Khadijah
Revelations By age 40, Muhammad spends much time in prayer and meditation He hears angel Gabriel tell him he is a messenger of Allah
The Night Journey What happened? Where? What was received? Abu Bakr?
Muhammad founds religion of Islam – “submission to the will of Allah” Many join him and become Muslim – “one who has submitted”
The Hijrah Muhammad’s followers are attacked Leave Mecca in 622 A.D. Hijrah – the Muslim migration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina)
Muhammad becomes a great leader Political leader – joins Jews and Arabs of Medina as a single community Religious leader – draws more converts to Islam Military leader – tackles growing hostilities between Mecca and Medina
630 A.D. Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca Meccan leaders surrender Muhammad destroys idols in Ka’aba Meccans convert to Islam Muhammad unifies Arabian Peninsula
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
Islam Main teaching of Islam is that there is only one god – Allah People are responsible for their own actions There is good and evil
Dome of the Rock Islamic monument in Jerusalem Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven here to learn Allah’s will Jews believe Abraham was prepared to sacrifice son Isaac at same site
The Five Pillars
Muslims must carry out five duties 1.Shahadah = statement of faith to Allah and to Muhammad as his prophet 2.Salah = pray five times a day, can use a mosque – Islamic house of worship 3.Sawm = fast between dawn and sunset during holy month of Ramadan 4.Zakah = give alms, or money for the poor 5.Hajj = perform the hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca – at least once
Muslims face toward Mecca to pray five times a day.
Pilgrims face the Ka'aba in prayer at Grand Mosque during sunset prayers. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
A Way of Life Customs and traditions guide Muslim’s lives Scholar class, ulama, and teachers apply religion to life
Sources of Authority Original source of authority for Muslims is Allah
Sources of Authority Qur’an – holy book, contains revelations Muhammad received from Allah Muslims follow Sunna – Muhammad’s example for proper living Guidance of Qur’an and Sunna assembled in body of law – shari’a
Links to Judaism, Christianity, Islam Allah is same God worshiped by Christians, Jews, Muslims Qur’an, Gospels, Torah – contain God’s will as revealed through others Muslims, Christians, Jews trace their roots to Abraham All believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance
Quiz 1.Describe the similarities amongst Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. 2.Describe the differences amongst Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
3.Describe the Five Pillars of Islam. 4.Explain the importance of the Prophet Muhammad.
5.Explain the significance of the Hijrah in Islamic history. 6.List 2 of the most sacred sites for Muslims and explain why they are so sacred.
7.Describe what takes place during the hajj. 8.Describe the significance of Mecca to Muslims around the world.
9.The holy book of Islam is called the ___________. 10.An Islamic house of worship is called a _____________.
Lesson Objectives 1.Describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam. 2.List conflicts within the Umayyad state. 3.Explain how rivalries split Islam. 4.Describe society under the Abbasids. 5.Identify Muslim accomplishments in art and science. 6.Describe Muslim attitudes toward philosophy and religion.