1 Recent Global Development of Two Major Porcine Diseases - African Swine Fever and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea - Dr Tomoko ISHIBASHI Deputy Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific 14 June 2014

22 African swine fever (ASF)  Is caused by a DNA virus, African Swine Fever virus, which is the only member of the Asfarviridae family, genus Asfivirus. Soft ticks of the Ornithodoros genus are natural hosts of the virus and act as biological vectors of the infection.  Is highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages characterized by high fever, loss of appetite, hemorrhages in skin and internal organs, and death in 2-10 days on average. Mortality rate may be as high as 100%.  No neutralizing antibodies in infected animals => no vaccine OIE Notifiable Disease

33 ASF in Africa : 27 countries report ASF present

44 Cumulative distribution of ASF ( )

55 ASF in Europe ITALY ASF present since 1978 EASTERN EUROPE 8 countries affected since 2007

66 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2007) Armenia Georgia Russia

77 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2008) Azerbaijan Georgia Russia

88 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2009) Russia

99 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2010) Armenia Russia

10 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2011) Armenia Russia

11 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2012) Russia Ukraine

12 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (2013) Russia Belarus

13 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe (Jan-May 2014) Russia Belarus Lithuania Poland Ukraine

14 Outbreaks reported in Eastern Europe ( May 2014)

15 CURRENT RISK

16 MAIN RISKS

17 MAIN RISKS

18 African swine fever: conclusions  ASF control is difficult due to: -movements of wild boar -illegal movement of animals and/or animal products -movements of contaminated vehicles or other fomites through six-monthly reports  Since the disease is endemic in Africa, the countries notify it mainly through six-monthly reports 9 outbreaks  Up to now, 9 outbreaks still on-going in Europe: Belarus (2), Lithuania (2) and Russia (5)  Encourage countries to share information on ASF to better understand its epidemiological situation as well as for more effective disease control and prevention preparedness

19 Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)  Is caused by a Coronavirus which was first reported in the United Kingdom (1971) and Belgium (1978). Since then, the disease has been reported in Asia (China [People’s Rep. of], Chinese Taipei, Japan, Korea [Rep. of] and Philippines) with various strain types.  A huge economic impact on swine farms with naïve populations. Acute diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting and dehydration. Significant morbidity and mortality rate are observed in piglets aged less than 10 days. NOT OIE Notifiable Disease

20 USA IN: IN: April 2014 with 6240 positive laboratory accessions have been reported from 29 states Japan IN: IN: April 2014 with total of 536 outbreaks 33 prefectures Canada IN: IN: April 2014 with 58 outbreaks in 4 provinces Mexico IN: IN: 21 May 2014, 83 outbreaks in 17 states OIE has received notifications as an “emerging disease.”

21 Distribution of porcine epidemic diarrhea outbreaks reported to the OIE (April May 2014)

22 From members’ reports  The United States has reported Novel Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease (SECoV) as a disease in swine caused by two different emerging porcine coronaviruses including:  Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv)  Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) ( confirmed March 2014 )  Japan: PED is a notifiable disease vaccine is approved to be used on a voluntary basis to mitigate damages to the piglets.  Canada: some feed component is suspected as a source of introduction.  Colombia: Morbidity and mortality are low.

23 Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)  Uncertainties in the epidemiology of the disease  Establishment of PED case definition and diagnostic test  The OIE could contribute to the establishment of the main guidelines for the prevention and control of this disease: Ad Hoc group proposed in June 2014  The OIE encourages countries to notify occurrence and to share information on PED including diagnostic methods

24 Thank you for your kind attention !