Developmental Theory Donald Super created a useful framework for conceptualizing the constantly evolving nature of career development. The theory presents the career process as one in which a person is confronted with various stages that he or she must undergo and complete before moving on to the next stage.

Overview Entry level skill building and stabilisation through work experience. Continual adjustment process to improve position. Trying out through classes, work and hobbies. Tentative choice and skill development. Reduced output, prepare for retirement. Development of self concept, attitude, needs and general world of work.

Growth The first step is the Growth stage. It roughly coincides with the 7-14 age range. During this time children begin developing a self-concept based on many factors like actual and perceived physical and mental abilities, roles within the family, and relationships with peers. They begin to develop attitudes and beliefs about the world of work, although these are usually based on limited information. Rediscovering some of these early attitudes can be valuable for clients and uncover hidden information about how they relate to others and the world.

Exploration This stage roughly coincides with the 14-25 age range. People begin to more clearly understand various occupations and start to envision themselves in different careers. They are aware of factors like prestige, levels of income, and how their interests and values will fit within a given profession. This stage is kind of like dipping your toes in the bathtub to make sure the water is not too hot. You are not ready to dive in because you do not yet have enough information, so you try on various options to see which one seems to fit the best.

Establishment The next step is the establishment stage, which roughly coincides with the 25-45 age range. During this phase a person selects a job and starts working. He compares his self-concept to the job he is at and either decides it is a good fit or looks for alternatives

Maintenance It roughly coincides with the 45-65 age range. During this time most people have settled upon a job or industry that fits them, and usually continue to develop skills and interests as they advance through their lives and careers. It is important to note that many people grow dissatisfied during this stage and also that it lasts twenty years. The process of growth and searching lasts a lifetime.

Decline The final stage is decline disengagement, which occurs prior to retirement. Focus on work begins to diminish and this focus moves to concerns about other areas of life. This step does not really fit within the realities of the 21st century or current understandings about careers, however. People who do not retire tend to have better health, live longer, and report higher levels of happiness. Also, the threat of social security running dry makes retirement less of an option for many. The goal has to be to find a career from which you do not want to retire because you love it so much.

Pros Cons Categories' career development simplistically by age. Easy to understand. Provides clear career guidance. Categories' career development simplistically by age.