AP US History

 Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!  “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.  Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.  Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!

 GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

 California Gold Rush, er’s

 Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850s  By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled the Oregon & California Trails to the Pacific coast.

 Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

 The Southern Economy

 Southern Society-Circa 1850 “ Slavocracy” [plantation owners] The“Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers ] Freemen 250,000 Slaves 3,200,000 Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%] 6,000,000

 Southern Population

 Southern Agriculture

 Reliance on Cotton- changes on production

 Cotton Exports

 Growing concerns over Slavery

 Early Emancipation in the North

 1780s: 1 st antislavery society created in Philadelphia. By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state. 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy. 1820s: many newly independent Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free. 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies. 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated Slavery in the South- Unusual?

 Missouri Compromise

 Compromise of 1850

 1.U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]  Fugitive Slave Act  stronger Fugitive Slave Act. Laws on Slavery

 Presidential Election 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat General Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free-Soil Party

 Results

 Expansionist Young America in the 1850s America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America

 Territorial Growth to 1853

 Kansas-Nebraska Act,1854

  Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852  Sold 300,000 its first year  1 million copies in a decade  Lincoln -“So this is the lady who started this great war” Harriet Beecher Stowe

Bleeding Kansas Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

 Another Fight in Congress-”The Crime Against Congress Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

 Birth of Republican Party Northern Whigs Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

 Presidential Election, 1856

 Dred Scott Decision  Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857

  Illinois Senate race 1858  A House divided against itself, cannot stand.  Popular Sovereignty Lincoln-Douglas Debates

 Harper’s Ferry, 1859

 The Final Nail Election of 1860

 The Candidates Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglass Northern Democrat Stephen C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat

 The Republican Platform Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. Why would southerners oppose this platform?

 RESULTS

 A nation coming Apart? Discuss the cartoon. Who is presented and what is it symbolizing?

 One Last Attempt to Preserve the Union Crittenden Compromise: Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) Corwin Compromise Senator Thomas Corwin (Ohio)

 Secession ! SC, Dec 20, 1860

 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861