1 Automotive Engines R. Bortignon

2 Slideshow Contents engine classification & design - slides 3-19engine classification & design - slides 3-19 engine problem diagnosis – slides 20-28engine problem diagnosis – slides  noise  poor performance  oil leaks dealing with engine repairs in a high school auto shop – slide 29dealing with engine repairs in a high school auto shop – slide 29

3 Engine Classification - Number of Cylinders Gasoline & diesel engines may have… Gasoline & diesel engines may have… 2 cylinders – Citroen 2 cylinders – Citroen 3 cylinders – Smart ForTwo, Chevy Sprint / Geo Metro 3 cylinders – Smart ForTwo, Chevy Sprint / Geo Metro 4 cylinders 4 cylinders 5 cylinders – Audi, GM & Volvo 5 cylinders – Audi, GM & Volvo 6 cylinders 6 cylinders 8 cylinders 8 cylinders

4 Engine Classification - Number of Cylinders 10 cylinders – Dodge Viper, Ford Pickups10 cylinders – Dodge Viper, Ford Pickups 12 cylinders – Jaguar, Ferrari, Lamborghini12 cylinders – Jaguar, Ferrari, Lamborghini 16 cylinders - Cadillac16 cylinders - Cadillac

5 Engine Classification - Cylinder Arrangement cylinders can be arranged in-line cylinders can be arranged in-line

6 Engine Classification - Cylinder Arrangement cylinders can be arranged in a “V” formation cylinders can be arranged in a “V” formation more compact package than an in-line engine more compact package than an in-line engine “V” angle can be 45°, 60° or 90° “V” angle can be 45°, 60° or 90°

7 Engine Classification - Cylinder Arrangement cylinders can be arranged horizontally cylinders can be arranged horizontally Subaru, VW & Porsche 911 (aka: opposed or boxer engine) Subaru, VW & Porsche 911 (aka: opposed or boxer engine)  low center of gravity

8 Engine Classification - Cylinder Arrangement VW’s VR6 engine (“inline V”)VW’s VR6 engine (“inline V”)  narrow 15° V  one cylinder head  2 camshafts instead of 4

9 Engine Classification - Cylinder Arrangement cylinders can be arranged in a “W” formation cylinders can be arranged in a “W” formation more compact than a traditional V engine more compact than a traditional V engine Volkswagen also has a W8 and W16 Volkswagen also has a W8 and W16 Bentley & Bugatti have W16 and W18 Bentley & Bugatti have W16 and W18

10 Engine Classification - Valve Arrangements many of today's engines use more than 2 valves per cylinder many of today's engines use more than 2 valves per cylinder to improve volumetric efficiency, cylinder heads may have… to improve volumetric efficiency, cylinder heads may have…  2 intakes & 1 exhaust  2 intakes & 2 exhaust  3 intakes & 2 exhaust

11 Camshaft Drives the camshaft is always mechanically connected to the crankshaft with either a timing chain the camshaft is always mechanically connected to the crankshaft with either a timing chain camshaft gear will always be twice as big as the crankshaft gear camshaft gear will always be twice as big as the crankshaft gear

12 Camshaft Drives timing belt – must be changed at specified intervalstiming belt – must be changed at specified intervals  usually every 100,000 km

13 Camshaft Drives timing gearstiming gears  tend to be noisy  very good durability  no scheduled replacement intervals

14 Interference Engines

15 Camshaft Locations 1) Cam-in-block: dated technology (but still widely used) dated technology (but still widely used) more moving parts more moving parts valve movement is less precise valve movement is less precise can be noisier due to more moving parts can be noisier due to more moving parts