MWH STUDY QUESTIONS Describe “natural rights,” and give an example of someone (an enlightened thinker) who believed in them. Voltaire had a very famous quote (in regards to natural rights), what was it? What type of government did Oliver Cromwell establish after taking power in England? (pg.181) How does a constitutional Monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy? (pg.183)

Enlightenment Review Enlightenment Philosophes had changed the way the world viewed society –natural rights –separation of powers –secular government –abolition of divine right –direct democracy –checks and balances

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Ch. 5.5 Pg

California State Standard List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S Bill of Rights (1791)

Objectives Identify the conflicts between English rulers and Parliament. Explain the cause and results of the English Civil War. Describe the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution Explain the changes under William and Mary.

MAIN IDEA (Revolution): Absolute rulers in England were overthrown, and Parliament gained power WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Many of the government reforms of this period contributed to the democratic tradition of the U.S.

Setting the Stage Queen Elizabeth –Fought w/ Parliament over money Spent too much (more money than English Treasury brought in from taxes) Dies 1603 and leaves huge debt, no kids Reigned for 45 yrs. Lived to Almost 70yrs old Cousin King James I of Scotland becomes King in 1603 Queen Elizabeth

Monarchs Defy Parliament King James I –Inherits Queen Elizabeth’s debt –Adopts new translation of the Bible, King James Bible –Offends Puritans in Parliament by not purifying the English church of Catholic rituals (Why do some English dislike Catholic church at the time?) –Dies 1625 son inherits throne King James I

King Charles I –Son of James I –Constantly at war (with Spain and France) Dissolves Parliament when it refuses to finance wars. Happens several times Petition of Right –Forced to sign by Parliament –Established the idea that LAW was higher than the king –He ignored it 1629 Parliament dissolved –Charles I finances wars by taxing his people –Popularity plummets. Charles I Petition of Right

–Offends Puritans (Parliament) by not removing Catholic Rituals in Church –Scottish upset with Charles I and prepare to invade England. Forces Charles to turn to Parliament for $$. –Parliament passes law to limit King’s power Charles I tries to arrest members of parliament, escape Charles I Dissolving Parliament

English Civil War Royalist (Cavaliers) vs. Roundheads 1.Royalists: –Support King Charles I 2.Roundheads –Puritan supporters of Parliament –1645 Oliver Cromwell takes over Army. –1647 Roundheads capture King Tried and found guilty of treason, beheaded Beheading of Charles I

MWH STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Write the terms and names on page 183. Define them. 2. Why was the death of Charles I revolutionary? 3. What rights were guaranteed by the Habeus Corpus Act?

Cromwell’s Rule Abolishes monarchy and the House of Lords Establishes commonwealth but abandons for a military dictatorship. Leads Puritan reform of society. –Abolish immoral acts Favored religious toleration for all Christians except Catholics. –1649 English conquer Catholic Ireland Cromwell

Restoration Cromwell dies 1658 Parliament reestablished –Ask Charles II (Son of Charles I) to rule. Known as Restoration because Monarchy is restored –Habeas Corpus: If arrested had the right to seek judgment of guilt. –Set free if found not guilty –**Took away King’s ability to imprison subjects without reason.**

Cromwell’s Death Charles II had Cromwell’s body dug up from Westminster Abby Dead body hung and beaten Head displayed on spike Head went missing (several Years later) Where is Cromwell’s head? Westminster Abby

Glorious Revolution 1688 Charles II dies –No legitimate children –His brother James II (Catholic), next in line King James II –Catholic, Church of England is Protestant –Appoints several Catholics to high office Parliament protests, James II dissolves it. –Wife gives birth to a son Catholic + Catholic = another Catholic King.

Two groups are born in Parliament 1.Whigs: –Parliament members who oppose King 2.Tories: –Parliament members who supported King –Whigs invite Mary (Protestant daughter of James II) and husband William to overthrow King and for the sake of Protestantism. –William leads army to London in 1688, James flees to France Also known as Bloodless Revolution. William and Mary

Limits of Monarchy Parliament establishes a constitutional monarchy: –Laws limit powers of the monarch English Bill of Rights 1.No suspending of Parliament Laws 2.Can not raise taxes without consent of Parliament 3.Freedom of speech within Parliament 4.No penalty for petitioning the King for grievances Cabinet System 1688 –Govt. officials who settled disputes between King and Parliament. Acted in the name of the King, but actually represented major party of parliament. Head of major party in Parliament Heads the Cabinet and is called the Prime Minister.

Paired Learning Workbook: Section A (pg. 23) Using your notes and textbook… –Fill in section A, 1-6 James I Charles I Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II William and Mary * Do not do section B This is your exit ticket out of here…