Group 5

 History  Structure  Failure Scenario  Reasons of Failure  Engineering Mistakes

 Built in 1973 in Kansas City  Multipurpose Stadium Ice shows, conferences, basketball, soccer games...  Capacity of 17,000  Contemporary Design Received an award in 1976 from AIA  Cost $23.3 million to build

25m 100m 95m Steel trusses hung from three portals Steel trusses supported RC roof

 4 th June 1979  One in ten year storm ○ 120 km/h winds ○ 10 cm of rain per hour  Roof collapsed  Rapid air pressure increase blew out walls  Portals remained undamaged  0 victim

 Roof used as temporary reservoir during storms  Accumulation of water due to inadequate drainage  Ponding of the roof Roof began to sag and more water accumulated Increase of load supported by the roof

 Bolts subjected to high rate of oscillations since erection of Arena  Fatigue of Bolts  Bolts failed in one hanger due to load increase on the roof  Domino effect caused others hangers to fail

 Drainage system : ○ Use of 8 drains of diameter 12cm ○ 55 were required according to local codes  What should have be done : ○ Respect of Building Standards

 Bolts : ○ Use of A490 bolts (can only maintain tensile strength for static conditions) ○ Failed at 1/3 of Design Capacity due to fatigue  What should have be done : ○ Design of bolts under dynamic conditions

 Domino effect : ○ Lack of redundancy in the hangers  What should have be done : ○ Better load distribution

Group 5 Michael Harte Emma-Jane Heneghan Matthieu Huot Kiara Ryan Angharad Sweeney Thank You!