The Industrial Revolution Chapter 4 Section 1

Question What inventions have changed the world the most and why?

A. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain I.R. began in Britain around 1780 When a nation industrializes it goes from agricultural world to industrial society

1. Why Great Britain 1 st ?  a) More food in Britain  b) More population Enclosure movement Farmers forced into cities to find work  c) Ready supply of money or capital to invest Wealthy business owners called entrepreneurs sought new ways to make profits  d) Britain has lots of natural resources  e) Britain had a free society  f) Britain had a ready market and could transport goods all over the world

2. Changes in the Cotton Industry  Britain able to make inexpensive cotton goods  Cotton-making a two-stage process a) Spinners make thread b) Weavers weave into cloth  Inventions make cotton producing faster Flying Shuttle makes weaving faster  Spinning Jenny makes spinning faster

Water-powered loom  Created factories powered by water  Factories located near rivers James Watt made steam- powered machines Meant that factories no longer had to be located near rivers

3. The Coal and Iron Industries  Britain had plenty of iron ore as well  Henry Cort developed a better way to make iron with a process called puddling  Puddling produced stronger iron  As a result, Britain became the leading iron producer  Much of the iron was used to build Railroads

4. Railroads 18 th Century, roads and canals made moving goods more efficient In 1804, the first steam- powered locomotive The Rocket moved on the first public railway line in 1830 Building RR’s created more jobs, and made it less expensive to transport goods This made goods cheaper to buy

5. The New Factories Factories very important to industrialization created a new labor system Workers had to work in shifts Workings went on without stopping for hours Anyone who showed up late was fired Child workers were often beaten and abused

B. The Spread of Industrialization Mid 1800s, Britain the richest nation I.R. began to spread to other nations In Britain, private businesses lead industrialization France, Belgium, and Prussia, the gov’t lead industrialization U.S. and Britain industrialized 1 st, giving them an advantage In 1853, Japan opened trade with the U.S. Japan became the 1 st Asian country to industrialize

U.S. industrialized rapidly Btwn 1800 and 1860, U.S. pop by 25 million Most Americans live in cities 1807, Robert Fulton creates a steam-powered boat By 1860, thousands of steamships 30,000 miles of RR track In factories, women and children made up the majority of workers

C. Social Impact in Europe The I.R. drastically changed societies of Europe Growth of cities Creation of the Industrial Middle Class and Industrial Working Class

1. Growth of Population and Cities  1750, European population at 140 million  By 1850, 266 million  Why? Decline in death rates, wars, and disease in food supply  As city population grew, problems arose Overcrowding Unhealthy, unsanitary living conditions Disease

2. The Industrial Middle Class  Industrial Capitalism Economic system based on manufacturing  New middle class Factory owners and entrepreneurs 3. The Industrial Working Class  Worked 12 to 16 hours a day, 6 days, 30 minute break  No minimum wage  Fired at a moment’s notice  Faced harsh conditions  Women and children made up high % of workers

4. Early Socialism  Bad working conditions caused workers to hate Capitalism  They advocated Socialism Economic system in which the gov’t owns or controls important parts of the economy (factories and utilities) Early socialists believed that humans should live in a cooperative environment