REPRODUCTIVE UNIT CHAPTER 4

ADOLESCENCE VERSUS PUBERTY Adolescence: The stage of life between childhood and adulthood in which one will develop characteristics of their own gender, usually between the ages of Puberty: Physical changes that occur during adolescence - Everyone will experience changes at different rates

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- USE CHART! Main Job: Produce sperm- TESTOSTERONE!!!! Main Reproductive Parts:

MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS Inguinal Hernia: Part of intestines push through weak spot into scrotum area (surgery) Testicular Cancer: Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Most common cancer of males aged 14 to 34. (detect early) Prostate Cancer: Tissue of prostate gland becomes cancerous. More common in older men. (surgery, radiation, chemo) Sterility: Males who produce no sperm (medication in some cases)

CARING FOR MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Testicular Self Exam: - Physical Exam of groin and genital organs (penis, scrotum, testicles) - Dr. will feel around for lumps, swelling, shrinking or any other abnormalities - Boys/Men should be knowledgeable regarding the size, shape, and weight of testicles and area around the scrotum- TSE (testicular self exam) Regular Physical Exams are also important! Bathe Regularly

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- USE CHART Three Main Jobs: 1.Release Egg- PRODUCE ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE 2.Fertilization- OCCURS IN FALLOPIAN TUBE!!! 3.Pregnancy/Birth

MENSTRUAL CYCLE Series of events that prepares the female reproductive system for production Begins when a female’s hormone production increases and she reaches full puberty Lasts for 28 days and can vary from female to female The first year or two can be often irregular

MENSTRUAL CYCLE- ROUGHLY 28 DAYS Step 1: Hormones cause the lining of the uterus to build up with a cushion of blood, tissue, and fluid Step 2: Estrogen level reaches the highest point! OVULATION occurs: process by which the ovaries release mature eggs, usually one each menstrual cycle Egg is released from ovary and travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus Step 3: If the egg is NOT fertilized, lining of the uterus begins to break down- menstruation (period) Menstruation: flow of blood, tissues, and fluids from the body that result from the breakdown of the lining of the uterus. This is called the menstrual period. It can last from 2-7 days. Step 4: Cycle starts all over again after menstruation

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

FEMALE HEALTH PROBLEMS Yeast Infection: Infection of vagina. Caused by changes in the amounts of bacteria and fungi that normally live in vagina. Treated with medicine Toxic Shock Syndrome: Rare bacterial infection. Can be caused by using the same tampon for more than 24 hours. Change tampon every 4 to 6 hours Cancer: Can occur in the breasts, ovaries, uterus, and cervix. Treated by surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy Sterility: Inability to produce children. Can be caused by untreated STD’s and hormone imbalances caused by stress, diet, overexertion, and aging. Some types can be treated with medicine or surgery.

CARING FOR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Breast Self Examination every month- see hand out Shower/Bathe Daily Keep track of your menstrual cycle- if you have a lot of pain, severe blood flow, missed period for several months, etc.= see a Dr. See a Dr. if you experience Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Occurs just before menstruation and can include irritability, acne, abdominal cramps, headaches, breast tenderness, and fatigue Visit a gynecologist: doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system

FERTILIZATION Joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell to form a fertilized egg An egg that travels to the uterus and is NOT fertilized, eventually dissolves If sperm enter the vagina and travel to the fallopian tubes shortly after ovulation, one sperm can meet the egg cell and fertilize it When the egg and sperm cell unite, the egg develops a film that prevents more sperm cells from entering the egg

FERTILIZATION The fertilized egg then travels to the uterus where it becomes implanted in the lining=Female is now pregnant!!! Female will not menstruate or ovulate again until after the pregnancy is over Inside the uterus, the fertilized egg begins to grow It is nourished and protected by the lining of the uterus

DEVELOPMENT Zygote: fertilized egg, divides to form 2 cells about 24 hours after fertilization. Then, divides further, forming more cells After about 1 week, the zygote attaches itself to the lining of the uterus After another week, zygote becomes an embryo Embryo: developing organism from 2 wks. until the end of the eighth wk. of development Each time an embryo divides, it produces 2 cells. The # multiplies as the embryo develops Fetus: after 8 weeks, embryo is called a Fetus. This is the developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth During the nine month period, the fetus develops into complex body systems Fetus gets nutrients and oxygen from it’s mother through the umbilical cord