Finishing Manual

Reflections Training Academy CONTENTS Working Safely Page 3 Tools Page 4 Equipment Page 5 Products Page 6 Factors Page 7 Tension, angles & airflow Page 10 Technical Facts Page 11 Blow-drying – Below shoulders round brush Page 14 Blow-drying – Above shoulders round brush Page 16 Blow-drying – Flat brush “wrap” technique Page 18 African Hair Blow-dry Page 20 Setting Page 22 On/off base Page 23 Winding/sectioning Page 24 Brushing out Page 25 Setting – Directional/Brick wind set Page 26 Finishing Techniques Page 28 Pin curling Page 29 Finger Waving Page 30 Vertical Roll Page 31 French Plait Page 32 Tonging Page 34 Straighteners Page 35 Back brushing & back combing Page 36 Glossary of Terms Page 37 2

Reflections Training Academy Working Safely Maintain effective and safe methods of working Working safely, cleanly and tidily minimises risk of harm and injury to yourself and others and prevents cross-contamination. It gives the client an image of professionalism while their hair is being styled. Working Safely You must always protect your client during the styling service with a fresh, clean gown and towel. You should wear gloves when applying styling and finishing products, to prevent dermatitis and maintain healthy hands, and an apron to protect your clothes. To ensure the comfort of your client, sit them upright with their back against the chair. When you are styling their hair make sure that your balance is evenly distributed, standing with your feet slightly apart. Place your trolley on the correct side and avoid stretching to reach it. This will prevent neck and back problems, fatigue and minimise the risk of injury. Keeping your work area clean and tidy You must keep your work area clean and tidy at all times. Make sure that your trolley and workstation are prepared for the required styling service and that you are ready for the client to arrive. Sterilise your styling tools and equipment to ensure they are hygienic and ready to use. Clean your workstation and surfaces with detergent and water, disinfect your equipment with suitable disinfectants or a UV light, and sterilise tools in the autoclave. Temperature of equipment When using your electrical equipment, be aware of potential hazards and follow the Electricity at Work Regulations. You must visually check your appliances for cracks in that main body or plug and kinks in the wires. Always label, remove and report faulty electrical equipment. 3

Reflections Training Academy Tools There is a variety of tools to use when finishing. It is important that a full understanding of each tool is known to be confident in achieving the best result for the client. Tools Use Small brush (round) * To create root lift, volume and small curls in layered hair Medium brush (round * To create root lift and medium curls in short to medium layered hair, and waves in longer hair Large brush (round) * To smoothe and straighten, and create soft waves in longer hair Wide – tooth comb * Used for detangling Cutting comb *For clean sectioning Fork comb *For dressing out & teasing hair into place Section clips * To secure hair in place Denman brush (flat) *To create a smooth flat finish Vent Brush (flat) *To create a textured straight look Dressing out brush (flat) * To dress out or finish a blow-dry Paddle brush * For long hair to leave a smooth finish 4

Reflections Training Academy Equipment Equipment aids coupled with our tools helps achieve the correct result. All equipment needs to be used with care and always follow salon policy. Full training should be undertaken before using the below equipment on a client. Hand Held hairdryer * To dry the hair during blow drying Diffuser * To aid finger drying and encourage curls and lift in curly or wavy hair Nozzle * To direct the airflow and heat of the hairdryer and to keep the cuticle smooth. Straightening irons * To smooth and straighten dried hair Tongs * To create curls and body Wands * To create soft curls on long hair Heated Rollers * Applied to dry hair to add volume and curl 5

Effect achieved and benefit to the client Reflections Training Academy Products There are hundreds of different styling and finishing products available on the market to help the stylist and client maintain great looking hair. They are all marketed differently to attract various client groups to their designs. The instructions on the product advise you and the client how to use the product effectively and how much of the product should be used. Always read the manufacturers instructions to ensure you use the correct amount to achieve the best results and to prevent overloading the hair. Styling Product How to Use Effect achieved and benefit to the client Mousse Apply a golf sized amount to towel dried hair and comb through evenly Enhances curls and offers support and hold to hair blow dried with a radial brush Blow-dry lotion Spray or sprinkle near the root area and work through to the ends Longer lasting volume, lift and support for fine hair of any length. Can strengthen the structure when blow drying. Serum After shampooing, rub 2-5 drops of serum into your palms and apply to wet hair, distributing evenly. Ultra shine for all styles and hair types, enhances coloured hair and provides an anti-frizz effect by coating the hair with a smoothing liquid which forms a barrier to moisture Anti Frizz lotion/moisturiser Distribute evenly through damp hair, dry and style with a brush and hairdryer Achieves a smoother, straighter appearance by taming frizz and curls. It coats the hair and forms a barrier to prevent moisture from humidity affecting the finished look ideal for any hair length Heat protector Spray evenly through towel dried hair. Protects the hair from the drying effects and heat of the hairdryer, prevents frizz and gives an even finish. Gel Use on damp hair and distribute evenly through the hair before blow drying or finger drying. Provides volume and texture for all hair lengths and hair types. Cream Rub a liberal amount between your palms and distribute evenly throughout the hair. Provides flexible body and pliable style support. Adds texture to shorter hair lengths, eliminates frizz and maintains moisture A section of Tigi products 6

Reflections Training Academy Factors Hair growth patterns Hair growth patterns can affect the choice of styling technique. For cowlicks avoid fringes; instead, suggest a side half fringe the works with the cowlick. For widow’s peaks avoid fringes completely and suggest styles that are styled with the top area going over to one side or straight back. For double crowns suggest maintaining a little length around the crown area and ideally work the natural fall into the style. For nape whorls suggest maintaining the length at the nape area, or at least a little weight. Avoid cutting into the hairline. Head and face shape The head and face shape can affect the choice of style. Always aim to achieve a style which makes the face look oval shaped. For round face shapes, avoid styles that add more roundness, such as too much width. Try to suggest styles that come onto the face. For oblong face shapes, avoid styles that come onto the face; encourage width, avoid height and suggest a fringe to shorten the illusion of a long shape. For square face shapes, suggest softer styles that soften the jawline. Oval Round Oblong Square 7

Reflections Training Academy Factors FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE FINISHING HAIR Hair type Hair type can affect the choice of tools, products and equipment. Specialist products for curly hair maybe required. Using strong mousse or spray could give the hair a “crispy” feel. Straight hair might not achieve the desired result if a client requires body. So products, styling tools and even a body perm may need to be considered to achieve the result. Texture Texture can affect the choice of tools, products and equipment. Coarse textured hair may not suit the desired look; you will need to recommend smoothing products to help achieve the result. Density Density can affect the choice of tools, products and equipment. Abundant hair may require more product when styling to achieve the required look. Sparse hair should avoid heated oil based products as it could result in a greasy finish. 8

Reflections Training Academy Limiting Factors Profiles As well as considering the shape of the client’s face, we must also look and check his/her profile and take these factors into consideration (e.g. long nose, neck, chin etc). Small or Large Forehead If the client has a small face and forehead then the hair should be taken straight back off the face. If there is a large face and forehead then the hair should be dressed onto the forehead or a fringe given. Small or Large Nose To help counteract a large nose the hair should be brought around the face, particularly over the forehead. Hair should not be taken straight back off the face or given a centre parting as this will accentuate a large nose and emphasise a small nose. Prominent Chin A long chin should be covered as much as possible with hair. A receding chin should be empathised by taking the hair up and away from the chin. Fringes These are useful to hide large foreheads, receding hairlines and a large nose, but if the client wears glasses only half a fringe should be worn. The rest of the hair should be taken away from the face as much as possible. Long Neck Even if the hair is worn short it is advisable to leave the nape hair a little longer. Hair should be swept straight up. Partings Partings have many uses; they can easily affect the appearance and shape of a person’s head. Low partings make a client’s head look rounder. A high parting will make a broad head look narrower and an entire parting will show up an ugly and unattractive nose. A parting will also correct a feature fault ( e.g. crooked nose, if the nose goes to the left the parting should also go the left). 9

Reflections Training Academy Tension, Angles & Airflow Tension Pulling the hair with tension as you dry it will make the style last longer. Curly hair being blow dried straight will need a lot more tension than straight or wavy hair. A large radial brush will help you to smoothe and straighten curls, but still create volume and movement. Ensure the tension is firm but without causing discomfort to your client. Angles The angle in which you direct the brush and airflow through the hair will aid you in achieving root lift and volume where required. You should keep the brush on the base of the section if you require lift (on base), and drag the hair back away from the section (off base) if you require a flatter look. Airflow You must always ensure you direct the airflow away from the clients scalp to prevent burning the client and causing discomfort. Always keep the airflow moving, as keeping it in one area could cause damage to the hair and scalp. You should direct the airflow in the direction of the style to ensure root lift where required. Follow the cuticle direction, aiming downwards from root to point to follow and smooth the cuticle scales, avoiding disturbing the hair you have already dried. 10

Reflections Training Academy Technical Facts The basic science Hair is mostly composed of a hardened fibrous protein called keratin. Keratin is made up of amino acids and peptide bonds which originate in the hair follicle. These many amino acids and peptide bonds form the polypeptide chains (coils). The polypeptide chains are held together by permanent and temporary bonds inside the cortex layer of the hair. Polypeptide chain The bonds in the hair Hair can be naturally curly, wavy or straight. It is held in its natural state by the permanent and temporary bonds. The permanent bonds are broken by chemicals, such as perm solution, and can change from naturally straight to chemically curly. The permanent bonds are called disulphide bonds; you will learn about these on GH14. The temporary bonds allow us to temporarily change the natural state of the hair, known as Alpha Keratin, through heat styling. For example curly hair can be washed, stretched and blow-dried straight allowing the natural state of the hair to be temporarily fixed into a new shape, known as Beta Keratin. Wetting the hair through shampooing or humidity in the air will break the temporary bonds again and return the hair to its natural state. The temporary bonds are known as hydrogen and salt bonds. The flow chart below shows what makes up the hair. Hair is mostly made of protein called keratin Keratin is made up of amino acids and peptide bonds Many amino acids and peptide bonds form the polypeptide chains, these are held together by bonds. Permanent (disulphide) bonds are broken only by chemicals Temporary (salt) bonds are softened by changes in the hair’s PH Temporary (hydrogen) bonds are softened by heat and water 11

Reflections Training Academy Salt Bonds Salt Bonds are weak bonds that are temporarily softened by changes in PH, by the use of weak acids or alkalis. They are reformed by changing back the PH. Hydrogen Bonds The main bonds that are broken when styling the hair are hydrogen bonds. These are broken by water and hardened by drying or cooling the hair. Heat from styling equipment, such as tongs and straightening tongs, can also change the state from alpha keratin to beta keratin – when the hair has cooled into its new shape. Hydrogen bonds give the hair its strength and its flexibility to move freely; it is what makes the hair elastic. Well conditioned hair with a strong cortex can stretch up to a further half its original length when wet’ this is due to the temporary breaking of the hydrogen bonds Alpha and beta keratin Hair in its natural state of curly, wavy or straight is described as being in an alpha keratin state. When hair has been wetted, stretched and dried into a new shape it is described as being in a beta keratin state. 12

Reflections Training Academy Blow Drying 13

Reflections Training Academy Below shoulder Round Brush Blow-dry step by step Take a profile section from parting down to the centre of the nape followed by a section ear to ear creating four sections. Clip the front two sections neatly avoiding leaving hair over the clients face. Start at the nape take a section no bigger than the width of the brush creating a V shape section (see diagram) Using correct degree of tension, angle and using the brush and drier correctly dry the section until the hair is 100% dry. Please note – this blow-dry will achieve a smooth flat finish. Is body is required the angle of the section when blow-dried will alter. 14

Reflections Training Academy Follow this section pattern through to the top. It is important not to lay the wet hair onto the dry hair and only pick up sections the size of the brush. This will mean separating section into sub sections. Once the back is completely dry move onto the sides. Take a horizontal section above the ear and continue blow-drying the same as the back, working up to the parting. Repeat on the other side completing the blow-dry. 15

Reflections Training Academy Above shoulder Short hair Round Brush Blow-dry step by step Start by working from nape up, taking horizontal sections and working with sections no bigger than the brush. Roll the hair around the brush until dry DO NOT BRUSH OUT Please note – Depending on the length you may be required to roll the brush onto the roots wrapping the hair around the brush. Continue this pattern through the back continuing to leave the roll created in. Take vertical sections through the side continuing a leave the dried section to set. Please note – A dried section is commonly known as “sausages” due similarity of the size of the section. 16

Reflections Training Academy Follow this section pattern through to the other size. Through the top work in horizontal sections until you reach the last few sections. The last sections should be directed to the parting to allow the hair to fall. This is especially important if a client has a fringe. Take the final section dry forward if the client wants a fringe or leave the hair to set if not. Brushing out – Once the dry hair is completely dry you can start to run your fingers through the dry hair to break up the “sausage” effect, using the mirror for balance and guidance. Some clients like to use a folk comb to finish he look. 17

Reflections Training Academy Flat Brush "Wrap" Technique step by step This technique is used by most modern hairdressers and uses the airflow and brush to create a smooth finish. The idea is for the airflow to follow the brush in any direction making sure the brush is working down the cuticle. The wrap technique will not only dry the hair flat but also leave a fantastic shine. Please note: this is not a suitable technique for all hair lengths or types. For long, very curly or course hair the round brush sectioning technique with a paddle brush or Denman may be a preferred option. On towel dried hair split the back section, using a flat brush start drying the hair working the brush outwards and allow the airflow to follow. Do this on both sides. Please note – The hair can be moved in any direction, so only use as guide. Now work the hair back into the centre. Continue this process until dry. Work the sides forward allowing drier to follow the brush and then back. Please note – again this is only a guide, you can work the hair in any direction. 18

Reflections Training Academy Do the same on the other side Through the top work the hair in any direction making sure your working down the cuticle at all times, you don’t need to worry about the parting at this stage. Continue this until dry. Now the majority of the hair should look shiny and lay flat. To finish put the hair into its parting, take sections from the nape finishing each section by each section by using some tension if required tucking the ends under. Do this all over to complete the finish. 19

Reflections Training Academy African Hair Blow dry Prepare the hair with a Moisturising shampoo and conditioner. Use wrap lotion all over the hair before applying heat. Section hair into four sections with clips to keep sections clean. Do not Twist the hair as this may cause breakage. Half the back section holding hair and using downward motion to control the airflow. Hold hair and slowly blow-dry with high heat using the comb attachment from root to point. Stretch the curl pattern as you blow-dry. Continue up to the crown, to complete the back section. From the parting split each side section into two. Continue with the same technique, stretching the curl pattern until dry. 20

Reflections Training Academy Continue this motion up to the parting until the hair is dry. On the other side of parting continue until all hair is dry. Also can be used with a round brush to create movement & volume. After service straighten using straightener’s see page 33 21

Reflections Training Academy Setting 22

Reflections Training Academy Setting When setting the hair you will need to consider whether volume, lift and curl are required. Hair can be rolled to sit on base or off base, and the wind can be directed to suit the style, or a brick wind can be used to avoid roller and section marks. On base or off base-angles The more volume that is required, the more root lift needed; this situation requires on base winding. When winding the hair to sit on base you must: Take the section of hair to be rolled and comb it upwards, straight from the head Hold the section at 90° from the head Wind the hair downwards from point to root around the roller, ensuring that the completed roll sits on the base of its own section, at the root area. Ensure that you wind the hair considering the root direction required, to give maximum support to the style. Insert image Insert image On base Off base If the style you are creating needs less root lift and a flatter look, you should direct your wind off base. This involves dragging the root back, slightly away from the roller base and section. Use a 45° angle and complete the wind with the roller almost sitting on the root of the section below. The roots then dry or cool without creating lift. 23

Reflections Training Academy Winding Techniques The wind choice of winding techniques helps you to create lift and curl, with varied root movement and direction. Changing your roller size enables you to achieve tighter or looser curls. Setting the hair in the direction in which it is to be styled ensures the root movement falls in line with the desired style result. This method enables you to work with partings – style the hair to one side, creating the look of the style, in the same way you would blow-dry. Sectioning the hair You must always section the hair cleanly using a pintail or tail comb, depending on your personal preference. When you are working on long hair, always secure the hair you are not working on out of the way. You must always ensure you take manageable size sections which are no larger or wider than you roller choice. Small rollers give tighter curls, and medium to large rollers give looser curls, so choose you roller size to suit the required style, taking into consideration the hairs length and density. 24

Reflections Training Academy Brushing Out Step by step: Brushing out Brushing blends the waves or curls, removes the partings or set marks, left at the curl bases during rollering an gets rid of any stiffness caused by setting aids. One way of achieving the finished dressing is with a brush and your hand. The thicker the hair, the stiffer the brush bristles need to be. Choose a brush that will flow through the hair comfortably. Apply the brush to the hair ends. Use firm but gentle stokes. Work up the head, starting from the back of the neck Brush through the waves or curls you have set, gradually moulding the hair into shape. As you brush, pat the hair with your hand to guide the hair into shape. Remember though, overdressing and over-handing can ruin the set. Insert image x5 25

Reflections Training Academy Traditional Directional and Brickwind Set Technique step by step The below guide uses heated rollers but the same sectioning pattern can be used on all sets. Start by applying the required product to give the hair the needed support. Taking a section in the direction of the parting, roll the correct sized roller onto the base, pinning securely. Please note – The section should never be bigger than the roller. This will result in a poor set and soft result. Work the front section to the direction of the parting, until both sides are complete. Start the brick wind centrally behind the front rollers and apply the roller going directly back. Place two rollers either side behind that roller creating a “brick” like formation. 26

Reflections Training Academy Continue to work in the pattern through to the back, ensure the pins are secure and not hurting the client. Once this is complete, put a net over the set and dry under a hood dryer until totally dry. Once dry allow to cool for at least 5 minutes. Brushing out Start at the nape using a soft brush out all roller marks following the direction you want the hair to finish. If roller marks are still visible a folk can be used. Backcombing techniques can be used to create the volume and balance. 27

Reflections Training Academy Finishing Techniques 28

Stand-Up Barrel Spring Reflections Training Academy Pin Curling Pin curling is a technique of winding hair into a series of curls or flat waves which are pinned in to place with a grip. The two most common techniques are barrel curls and clockspring. Barrel Curl A barrel curl creates root lift and is rolled either onto or off its base, it is pinned leaving an open centre and can create a variety of looks. Clockspring This technique involves the curl sitting flat onto the base resulting in no body. It is pinned across the curl leaving no open hole (see picture). This is used for short or difficult hair. Step by Step: Pin Curls Apply product to allow the correct required hold. Take a square section which is the correct degree of movement needed. Hold the hair at the midpoint in one hand and roll the ends into a curl to meet the mid-section of the hair. Once the first loop is complete transfer to one hand and roll down on to either the root or flat depending the required result. Secure with a grip without disturbing the curl. Continue technique through the area required for movement. Pin Curl Sections Stand-Up Barrel Spring Clock Spring 29

Reflections Training Academy Finger Waving 1. Keep the hair very wet. Use a thick setting gel to help form the waves or just water for a looser finish. 2. Use the wide teeth of the comb to penetrate hair better. 3. Form an ‘S’ shape by combing hair over to one side, place your 2nd finger on the head firmly, then comb hair in the opposite direction. Use a clip to hold the bend in place before continuing. Place your index finger firmly on the head and continue down the side of the head forming an ‘S’ shape until you run out of hair. On long hair, a pin curl can be wound to the lengths of the hair to create a soft curl to the ends. 30

Reflections Training Academy Vertical Roll A pleat, or French roll, is a vertical fold of hair, commonly worn on the back of the head. It is most suitable for long hair, but can be achieved even with shorter lengths. The vertical roll is one way of dressing long hair to make it appear to be shorter. A vertical roll – method The steps for attaining a successful vertical roll are as follows: Section off the top section from the crown to the recession area. Secure the hair out of the way. Back brush the remaining hair, smooth top layer into position, either to the left or the right. Cross the grips starting at the middle of the nape to secure. Smooth hair and wrap the hair around to create the roll, making sure to cover the grips on the base. When happy with the positioning of the roll, pin by reversing the grips back to hide them. Now you can personalise the top section to compliment the vertical roll. The finished vertical roll 1.Smoothing hair into position 2. Back brushing 3. Securing with grips 4. Positioning pleat 5. Pinning folded hair 6. Personalise the top section 7.The completed roll 31

Reflections Training Academy French Plait - Method Comb the front and top hair together at the crown. Divide it into three equal stems Starting from the left or right, cross an outside stem over the centre stem. Repeat this action, crossing the opposite stem over the centre stem. With the little finger, take in further section of hair, about half the thickness of the initial stems. Add it to an outside stem. Cross the thickened stem over the centre one. Repeat this, too, from the other outside stem. Continue in this way, adding hair to each of the outside stems before crossing them over the centre stem. When there is no more hair to be added, continue to plait to the ends. Secure the plaits. 1. Sectioning the hair 2. Plaiting the sections in the main stem 3. Continuing to Plait 4. The completed plait. 32

Reflections Training Academy Finishing Techniques Heated equipment: straightening irons and tongs Curling tongs and straightening irons are a popular way of applying finish to a hairstyle. They are particularly useful in situations where: Setting or blow drying will not achieve the desired look The hair is not in a suitable condition to be dried into shape. Sometimes you will not achieve the results that the client is expecting. When extra volume, movement or curl is needed on hair that lacks natural body, or is very fine, additional help is needed to create a lasting effect. Heated tongs and /or brushes provide a quick solution to do this. They can be bought in a variety of different sizes (i.e. diameters) which give different levels of movement. Professional heated tongs (and many hair Straighteners) usually have a thermostatic temperature control. This is particularly useful as you can dial up the heat setting. 33

Reflections Training Academy Finishing Techniques Tonging Tongs can be used to create a variety of looks on all hair types and textures. It is important that the tongs are used with care as they can cause serious burns to your self or your clients. Below are a few examples of tongs that can be used to support the desire look. Short hair Take small sections no bigger than the tongs. Open the arm of the tongs and carefully clap the hair at the ends. Roll carefully to the root area. DO NOT TOUCH THE SCALP Leave a few seconds and unroll. Continue on all required areas. Remember to allow the tonged hair to cool. Long hair Using the correct size barrelled tongs take sections starting at the nape. Work in vertical sections rolling vertically to the sections. This creates a soft spiral curl. Continue throughout all required areas. 34

Reflections Training Academy Finishing Techniques Straighteners Straighteners are commonly used by clients and hairdressers a like, Straighteners create a temporary finish which can be straight or curl. Advanced uses of straighteners and continually being updated to achieve a variety of looks. Always use straighteners with care. . Start at the nape taking a horizontal section. Comb through and apply a heat protective spray. Hold the section either through your comb or fingers (depends on if tension is required) Clamp the hair near the root area and slowly slide down the hair. Pay particular attention to the ends. You should only need to straighten each section once but particularly different hair may require the process to be repeated. Continue throughout the hair. Classic straightening Using Straighteners to achieve curl Start at the nape taking vertical sections. Clamp the straighteners near the root area and pull slowly down the hair shaft rotate the straighteners forward. As you reach the ends roll the hair around the straighteners back to the root area before releasing. This will create curl similar to the way you would score ribbon. Continue this throughout the head. 35

Reflections Training Academy Back Brushing & Back Combing Both of these techniques work because the cuticle scales are pushed apart and tangle with each other. Both methods give lift and volume to the hairstyles. Hold the points of the ends of the hair firmly in one hand and either back comb underneath or back brush on top then gently smooth over the top to give a neat finish. Always stand some distance away from your client to check the finished result, especially shape. Look for any break or gaps in the dressing and smooth over if necessary. Check the overall shape, looking at the back, sides and front. Does it frame the face properly? Remember that the client only sees the front area…it is the most important part of the dressing. Hairspray may now be used to finish and hold the shape. 36

Reflections Training Academy Finishing Manual Glossary of Terms Airflow – The flow of hot/cool air directed from the hairdryer. Angle – The degree the height required for both brush and drier to achieve the required results. Bonds – Permanent and temporary bonds are found in the hair shaft. Hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are softened and reformed during the blow-drying process. Equipment – required appliances to achieve the desired results. Normally refers to electrical equipment; Straighteners, Tongs & hairdryer. Flat Brush – tool used to blow-dry when hair requires little or no volume. Denman, paddle brush and inisis brush are among the popular flat brushes. Grow patterns - The direction in which the hair falls can affect the result of the finish. Double crown, cowslick and whorl are most common. Hood Dryer – A dryer used to dry hair that has been wound in setting rollers. Nozzle – placed on the end of a hairdryer to control the airflow On/off base – The placement of a roller according to the section taken. Off base will produce root drag and less volume, on base will create volume. Pincurl – A setting technique used to create a variety of curl and waves. Products – substances used on hair give support and control the required finish. Rollers – Tools used to create a variety of looks. There are may different rollers available including; Velcro, heated or conventional roller with pins. Round brush – Popular tools which comes in many sizes. Used to create volume and a smooth finish, metal, ceramic and wooden round brush are commonly used. Sectioning – This is the process of making clean partings in the hair; this allows you to work in a controlled manner. Straightening – Popular technique using heated equipment to achieve a temporary straight result. Tension – How tightly the hair is pulled by the tools or equipment being used. Too much pull can result in hair breakage or traction alopecia. Tonging – A curling technique using round heated equipment achieving volume and allows the look to last longer. Tools – Combs, brushes, clips etc. used in helping to achieve the required results. Wand – Coned heated appliance used to achieve a soft spiralled effect. 37

Reflections Training Academy “Educate In Order To Innovate” Find us on Reflections Training Academy Unit 2a/2b Commercial Street Birmingham B1 1RS TEL: 0121 643 2147 FAX: 0121 643 8276 Reflections Training Academy 15a Colston Street Bristol BS1 5AP TEL: 0117 922 1440 FAX: 0117 910 5777 www.reflectionstraining.co.uk Reflections, Reflections House, 26 Oakfield Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2AT.House of Clive (Hair and Beauty) limited. VAT reg No: 416 8832 34.Registered in England. No: 1064068