THE PRESIDENCY Chapter 13

Presidential Qualifications  Constitutional Eligibility and Presidential Succession  Natural-born citizen  At least 35 years old  Resident of U.S. for at least 14 years  lame duck: Term limited official in his or her last term of office.  The Twenty-fifth Amendment provided for replacement of vice-president and temporary transfer of power in case of incapacity of president. The Twenty-second Amendment limits the president to two elected terms 2

Presidential Qualifications  Background and Experience  Kennedy first non-Protestant  Obama first non-white  Most have military or legislative service  The Expansion of the Presidency  Imperial presidency-- Power of the president to speak for the nation on the world stage and to set the policy agenda at home. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3

Constitutional Amendments Pertaining to the Presidency Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4

Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  Commander in Chief-- Leader of the armed forces of the United States.  Power to Pardon-- Full forgiveness for a crime.  Treaties and Recognition of Foreign Nations  With advice and consent of the Senate  Executive and Judicial Nominations  President nominates  Senate approves Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5

Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  veto: Authority of the president to block legislation passed by Congress. Congress can override a veto by a two-thirds majority in each chamber.  pocket veto: Automatic veto that occurs when Congress goes out of session within ten days of submitting a bill to the president and the president has not signed it.  omnibus bill: One very large bill that encompasses many separate bills.  entitlement programs: Federal programs, such as Social Security, Medicare, or Medicaid, that pay out benefits to individuals based on a specified set of eligibility criteria.  Other Powers  State of the Union address: Speech on the condition of the country given by the president to Congress every January. 6

Presidential Vetoes

Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  Congress’s Ultimate Check on the Executive: Impeachment-- Process whereby the House brings charges against the president or another federal official that will, upon conviction by the Senate, remove him or her from office.  Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton (impeached)  Richard M. Nixon (resigned)  Executive privilege-- President’s right to engage in confidential communications with his advisers. 8

The Growth of Executive Influence  residential directive: Official instructions from the president regarding federal policy.  executive order: Presidential directive that usually involves implementing a specific law.  signing statements: Written remarks issued by the president when signing a bill into law that often reflect his interpretation of how the law should be implemented.  Power to Persuade  Bully pulpit-- Nickname for the power of the president to use the attention associated with the office to persuade the media, Congress, and the public to support his policy positions.  Agenda Setting  Head of state-- Title given to the president as national leader. 9

The President in Wartime  Power Struggles between the President and Congress  Vietnam and the War Powers Act  The Iraq War  The Afghanistan War  Uprisings in Foreign Lands  War Powers Act: The 1973 act which provides that the president cannot send troops into military conflict for more than a total of ninety days without seeking a formal declaration of war, or authorization for continued military action, from Congress. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10

The President in Wartime  Power Struggles between the President and the Judiciary  Lincoln and suspension of habeas corpus  Roosevelt’s internment of Japanese Americans  Bush’s war on terror Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

The Organization of the Modern White House  The Executive Office of the President  Chief of staff-- Person who coordinates and oversees interactions among the president, his personal staff, and his cabinet secretaries.  The Office of the Vice President  The Office of the First Lady  Public advocate on policy issues started with Eleanor Roosevelt Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

Presidential Greatness  Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933–45): The New Deal and World War II  Altered size and shape of federal government  Created job programs  Expanded government role in regulating economy  Invented the fireside chat  New Deal: Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s program for ending the Great Depression through government intervention in the economy and development of a set of safety-net programs for individuals. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13

Presidential Greatness  Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963–69): The Great Society and Vietnam  Focused on race relations and ending poverty  Obligation to guarantee civil rights  Lacked communication skills  Relied on negotiation skills  Great Society: Lyndon Johnson’s program for expanding the federal social welfare programs in health care, education, and housing and for ending poverty. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14

Presidential Greatness  Ronald Reagan (1981–89): The Reagan: Revolution and the End of the Cold War  Scaled back federal entitlement programs  Taxes cut/economy would flourish  Tax revenue down/federal deficits created  Firm stand against Soviet Union  Known as the “Great Communicator” Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15

The Presidency and Democracy  President influenced by voters and Congress  President less accessible to average voter  President considered the political party leader Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16