Construction of Woven Fabrics

Have you ever woven on a loom?

Maybe you made potholders on a simple loom when you were a child.

This woman is weaving a rug.

Looms can be operated by hand.

Large power looms in factories weave fabric.

Weaving is done by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns on a loom.

The lengthwise yarns are called the warp yarns. The warp yarns are attached to the loom.

The crosswise yarns are called the filling yarns. They are interlaced through the warp yarns.

There are 3 basic types of weaves: Plain weave Twill weave Satin weave

All other weaves, no matter how complicated, use one or more of the basic weaves.

The plain weave is the simplest of all weaves.

The plain weave looks the same on both sides of the fabric unless they are printed or finished differently.

The plain weave is made very simply. The filling yarns pass over and under each warp yarn. The yarns alternate in each row.

Plain weave fabrics can be tightly or loosely woven.

Examples of plain weave fabrics are muslin, burlap, broadcloth, gingham, and chiffon.

Plain weave fabrics are used for shirts, sheets, handkerchiefs, and table linens.

The twill weave is recognized by the parallel diagonal ridges on the surface.

The twill weave is woven differently from the plain weave. Each filling yarn passes over and under two or more warp yarns. Each row shifts to the right or left to make the diagonal line.

Twill weaves are stronger and more durable than plain weaves.

Denim, chino, and gabardine are examples of twill weaves.

Twill weaves are often used for strong, sturdy work clothes.

The satin weave has yarns that float on the surface to give it a luster or shine.

In the satin weave, either the warp or filling yarns pass over four to eight yarns at a time.

The satin weave creates a smooth surface with lots of sheen.

Satin fabrics are not for everyday. They can snag easily.

Satin and sateen are made from the satin weave.

Satin fabrics are used for blouses, evening wear, and bed linens.