BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE.

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BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- S5P NItrogen Dioxide and FORmaldehyde Validation using NDACC and complementary FTIR and UV-Vis DOAS ground-based remote sensing data. Sentinel-5 Precursor: launch at the earliest in October. On board: TROPOMI spectrometer (UV-Vis; NIR; SWIR) The validation projects are “checked” by ESA, but… national funding ! NIDFORVal big team: Corinne Vigouroux, Gaia Pinardi, B. Langerock, J. Granville, M. De Mazière, M. Van Roozendael, J-C Lambert, and about 35 partners. NIDFORVal project

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- NIDFORVal network Funding status, may evolve: MAXDOAS: 32 DirectSun: 10 ZenithSky: 16 FTIR: 11 Initial project: UV-Vis DOAS

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- NIDFORVal: initial project WP1 FTIR time-series WP2 UV-Vis DOAS time-series WP3 S5P Validation during Phase E1 WP4 S5P Validation during Phase E2 Harmonisation in the FTIR network: NO 2 Harmonisation in the FTIR network: HCHO Data collection NO 2 Data collection HCHO Harmonisation in the DOAS networks: NO 2 Harmonisation in the DOAS networks: HCHO Data collection NO 2 Data collection HCHO First rapid delivery assessment of S5P data quality : within 6 months after launch Assessment of S5P data quality; spatial consistency; seasonal cycles; long-term consistency; representativeness NIDFORVal: Belgium funding

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- WP1: FTIR HCHO time-series Only 4 stations published HCHO, with different retrieval strategies & uncertainties calculation (Wollongong, Reunion Isl., Eureka, Jungfraujoch) WP1: « final set » was sent by to all NIDFORVal FTIR partners, but if not suitable at your station: let me know ! Based on Vigouroux et al. (2009): 6 small micro-windows MW1 – MW6 → but slightly changed for NIDFORVal. Harmonisation in the FTIR network: HCHO

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Retrieval strategy I have kept the MW1 and MW2. Little information: HCHO signatures close to noise Ievel. Kept because “few” interferences, still add 0.1 DOFS, and might be more interesting for polluted sites, where HCHO can be at least 10 times larger than Reunion Isl. MW1MW2MW2 zoomed

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Main issue: interfering gases in the vicinity of main HCHO signatures. - In Vigouroux et al. (2009): preliminary retrievals of HDO, CH 4, N 2 O. - To simplify the homogenization: enlarge MW3 and MW4 to fix these interferences, as well as the background. - Not done in Vigouroux et al. (2009) because HITRAN2004, used for all interfering gases, gave bad residuals especially for CH 4. → Much better with atm15 from G. Toon ! MW3 enlarged Retrieval strategy MW3 enlarged zoomed MW3 size Vigouroux et al. 2009

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- MW4: enlarged to have more Solar, CH 4, N 2 O, HDO information. MW5 is removed: little HCHO information for large CH 4 interferences. MW6 (HDO and Solar lines) can now be removed thanks to enlarged MW4. The residuals for HDO in MW6 were not so good anyway. MW4 enlarged Retrieval strategy Final settings: MW1, MW2, MW3 enlarged, MW4 enlarged. MW4 enlarged zoomed MW4 size Vigouroux et al. 2009

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Spectroscopy atm15: Better than HITRAN 2012 for O 3, HDO and CH 4 ; same for N 2 O and HCHO. Still room for some spectroscopic improvements: Retrieval strategy Saint-Denis Maïdo 2 deweighted lines O 3 CH 4 HDO Better with atm16 ? CH 4

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Characterization A priori profiles: from WACCM for interfering gases and HCHO except if correlative data close to station provides better HCHO information. Sa regularization: I’m using Tikhonov when no good information; no difference found with a Sa from WACCM. So each partner can choose for its own station. Vertical information: main sensitivity located in the whole troposphere, maximum at 5-7 km. Error budget: - As soon as error homogenization is made within EU projects GAIA- Clim / QA4ECV, I’ll send error settings to partners. - Currently at Reunion Island: -Random: about 2-3 E14 molec.cm 2 ; agreement with daily scatter. - Systematic : about 4% which seems too optimistic. Averaging kernels at Maïdo Total column AK/10 DOFS=1-1.2 at Maïdo

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Reunion Island Bias / Stand. Dev. FTIR-IMAGES: - StDenis: 42% / 22% - Maïdo: 49% / 19% Correlation with the model IMAGES: - Saint-Denis: Maïdo: 0.71 Seasonal cycle in agreement: maximum in Oct.- March Saint-Denis Maïdo

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Peterhof and Ny-Alesund Peterhof (thanks to M. Makarova) Seasonal cycle: maximum in summer Ny-Alesund (thanks to M. Palm): Seasonal cycle in agreement with Eureka. Viatte et al.,2014

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- WP1: FTIR HCHO time-series The E1 phase last for 6 months and the launch is in October: rapid delivery has been set to preferably 2 months; 3 months at the latest. → for the FTIR stations participating in WP3, first data will be needed in December 2016 / January But I encourage you to test the strategy before S5P launch in case questions / problems rise at your station. Data collection HCHO

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- Thank you !

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- WP2: UV-Vis NO 2 and HCHO Data collection NO 2 Data collection HCHO DirectSun Total NO 2 ZenithSky Strato. NO 2 MAXDOAS Tropo. NO 2 MAXDOAS Tropo. + surface Pandora NASA, Pandonia project during the day during the day national networks at twilight NDACC network MAXDOAS: A lot needs to be done to harmonize and standardize, but no funding… Maximum of sensitivity located in the ground-4 km layer.

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPAT- WP3 & 4: S5P Validation Validation tools developed in previous projects: Multi-TASTE, O3M-SAF CDOP ( and NORS ( projects. E.g. : - the colocation criteria takes into account the line of sight of ground- based data. - a photochemical correction is applied to take into account the NO 2 diurnal cycle. - the averaging kernels are taken into account. In WP3 (phase E1): - Validation based on a subset of stations able to provide data in a rapid delivery mode (4 FTIR, most of the UV- Vis DOAS). In WP4 (phase E2): - Validation of seasonal cycles and long-term stability. - Study representativeness of the sampled air masses at 7x7km 2 resolution (using urban vs background sites).

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERO FTIR (10) IMK-ASF, KIT (Karlsruhe) - Thomas Blumenstock IARC/AEMET (Spain) - García Omaira UNAM (Mexico) - Michel Grutter UCAR (USA) - James Hannigan University of Wollongong (Australia) - Nicholas Jones University of Liège (Belgium) - Emmanuel Mahieu Saint-Petersburg University (Russia) - Maria Makarova IUP-Bremen (Germany) - Justus Notholt NIWA (New-Zealand) - John Robinson, Dan Smale University of Toronto (Canada) - Kimberly Strong UV-Vis DOAS (25) AUTH (Greece) - Alkis Bais LufBlick (Austria) - Alexander Cede GIST (Korea) - Jihyo Chong BAS (UK) - Steve Colwell IUP-Heidelberg (Germany) - Udo Friess INTA (Spain) – M. Yela Gonzalez, O. Puentedura DLR (Germany) - Nan Hao NASA (USA) - Jay Herman DWD (Germany) - Robert Holla FMI (Finland) - Jari Hovila Chiba University (Japan) - Hitoshi Irie JAMSTEC (Japan) - Yugo Kanaya IERSD-NOA (Greece) - Stelios Kazadzis University of Leicester (UK) - Roland Leigh INOE (Romania) - Anca Nemuc LATMOS (France) – A. Pazmino, J.-P. Pommereau KNMI (The Netherlands) - Ankie Piters IAP/RAS (Russia) - Oleg Postylyakov NIWA (New Zealand) - Richard Querel IUP-Bremen (Germany) – A. Richter, F. Wittrock NILU (Norway) - Kerstin Stebel University of Toronto (Canada) - Kimberly Strong University of Colorado (USA), Rainer Volkamer University of Wollongong ( Australia) - Stephen Wilson MPI-Mainz (Germany) - Thomas Wagner NIDFORVal partners

BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D’AERO S5P/Tropomi Discussion, Belspo, Brussels 4 February AK at Ny-Alesund (DOFS=1.0)