II Parcial Resumen de Ciencias

Atom : Element :: Molecule : Compound Terms Atom (Átomo): The smallest and basic building block of Matter. Element(elemento): pure substance that can´t be broken into smaller pieces Molecule(molécula): Group of Atoms transforming into a new substance, with new properties and characteristics Compound (compuesto): Substance formed by two or more elements. chemical formula (formula química) the amount of element atoms on a compound Ratio(relación): the difference between each compound´s elements Mixture (mezcla): two substances not chemically combined Vean de esta forma, los que entienden relaciones Atom : Element :: Molecule : Compound

Differentiate between a pure and impure substance. Analyze examples The basic difference is that, impure substances are always mixtures, they are never compounds or elements. Si el examen tiene una pregunta como: Salt (NaCl), Oxygen (O), Sugar (C12 H22 O11) etc. Es una substancia pura, y elemento o compuesto. Si salen comidas, puños de cosas, aire, mar, ese tipo de cosas son mezclas o sustancias impuras.

Differentiate between a compound and an element. Differences of this terms are that elements are substances made by only one type of element. Compounds are made by several types of elements. Ojo: Si tienen una substancia que es por ej.: Oxygen (O2) ES UN ELEMENTO NO UN COMPUESTO

Differentiate between a homogeneous mixture, colloids and a heterogeneous mixture and provide examples. A mixture is a combination of elements and compounds in the same place at the same time, not chemically combined. All mixtures are impure substances.

Differentiate between colloids, suspensions, solutions Colloids, are mixtures of (usually 2 different states), a characteristic is that almost all colloid has visible tiny spots of both substances. A solution is almost impossible to visually separate both substances, and suspensions, are both, if they are shaken is available to visually separate in layers, if not, they are mixed without possibility to separate.

Colloids Continuous phase Disperse phase Gas Liquid Solid Liquid Aerosol Fog, Mist, Air spray Solid Aerosol Air, Smoke, Cloud Liquid Foam Styrofoam (?) Gel Jelly Solid Sol Cranberry Glass Foam Shaving Cream Emulsion Milk Sol Blood La Fase Dispersa, es la fase “mas pequeña”, es la segunda fase La Fase Continua, es la fase grande la general.

Solutions Solute: the substance in a lesser amount (is usually a solid) Solvent: the substance in a greater amount (always a liquid) Concentrate: the density of how much solute is in the mixture

Separation Methods Filtering Crystallization Distillation Decantation Chromatography Centrifugation Evaporation Magnetism

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