Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia Chapter 12 – Section 3

Japan – The Physical Setting 1000s of islands Pacific ocean ◦ No place in Japan is more than 100 miles from the ocean Mountainous Rain, Sun, Long Growing Seasons BUT no much room to farm… Earthquakes, Tidal Waves, Typhoons Kamikaze (Divine Wind) ◦ Kept Mongols out

Japan’s Beginnings – Early History Religion ◦ Shinto – “way of the kami” (spirits)  Emperors acted as priests Cultural Diffusion ◦ China brought writing ◦ China brought Buddhism (which they got from India)

Chinese Influence Art, Science, Government, Fashion Code of Law ◦ Based on Tang law A.D. 794 – Turned away from Chinese influence ◦ Japanese writing ◦ Japanese literature

Essential Question #1 What changes helped Japan develop its own culture? Rise of Shinto, spread of Buddhism, movement away from Chinese influence

Feudal Japan Local Power Central government ◦ Important families influenced emperor Powerful landowners ◦ Employed their own samurai

Government in Feudal Japan Fujiwara – first ◦ Ruling family (A.D ) Minamoto ◦ Ruling family (A.D. 1185) ◦ Established Shogun (general)  Yorimoto – First Shogun Ashikaga (A.D. 1331) ◦ Ruled for the next 250 years ◦ Bushido  Samurai Code ◦ Seppuku  Suicide in battle

The Daimyo Most powerful in Japan Local lords Taxes – LOTS!!! Promoted trade Fought wars

Zen Buddhism Came from China (A.D. 1100s) Similar to Daoism (nature) Salvation through enlightenment

Essential Question #2 How did the confusion in government offer new opportunities for people in Japanese society? It offered ways to improve social status.

Korea – The Land Peninsula Mountainous

Korea’s History Bridge between mainland Asia and islands People from China (300 B.C.) ◦ Metalworking ◦ Agriculture ◦ Han control (108 B.C.) – lasted 400 years Inner Fighting – Could not challenge China 3 Kingdoms ◦ Koguryo, Paekche, Silla Fall of Han ◦ Koguryo invaded in the north

Unification Under the Silla Continued fighting within Silla (A.D. 670) ◦ Joined forces with Tang ◦ Weakened by internal rebellions Koryo (A.D. 935) ◦ Took advantage of infighting and took over Mongols (1200s) Yi dynasty (1392) ◦ Korea gained independence

The Growth of Korean Culture Influence of China ◦ Confucian ideas (religion/government) ◦ Civil Service exams ◦ Chinese written language ◦ Buddhism (1300s) – Zen (700s) Korea’s Own Culture ◦ Dress ◦ Powerful nobility  Limited government ◦ Middle Class ◦ Alphabet  Emperor Sejong  Moveable type (metal)

Essential Question #3 How did Korean aristocrats differ from Chinese nobles? Korean aristocrats had great influence on Korea’s political development.

Civilization in Southeast Asia Known as Indochina Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Some influence by China, some by India

Chinese Influence Vietnam ◦ Mahayana Buddhism ◦ Daoism ◦ Confucianism ◦ Writing ◦ Political System

Indian Influence Cambodia ◦ Sanskrit language ◦ Indian literature ◦ Hindu ◦ Khmer Empire (850 – 1250)  Taxes  Public projects  Theravada Buddhism

Essential Question #4 In what ways did Korea and Southeast Asia develop their own cultures despite the influences of China and India? They worked to maintain their own cultures and traditions, rejected Chinese and Indian influence over time.