Karl Marx A Brief History of His Life, Influence, and Struggles

Early Years Born in Trier, Prussia in 1818Born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 Enters Law School in 1835—disillusionmentEnters Law School in 1835—disillusionment Embraces Hegelian Philosophy: The DialecticEmbraces Hegelian Philosophy: The Dialectic Earns Doctorate in PhilosophyEarns Doctorate in Philosophy Journalist: Sharply critcicized Russia: Loses job.Journalist: Sharply critcicized Russia: Loses job. Moves to Paris in 1843Moves to Paris in 1843 Revolutionary movementRevolutionary movement

Friedrich Engels and Influencial Events Engels the son of a German manufacturerEngels the son of a German manufacturer Lived in Manchester England: Ind. Rev.Lived in Manchester England: Ind. Rev. Working Conditions and demands for reform- ChartistsWorking Conditions and demands for reform- Chartists French RevolutionFrench Revolution Babeuf’s Society of EqualsBabeuf’s Society of Equals Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Utopian Socialists Enlightenment Philosophy that man is basically good and that society corruptsEnlightenment Philosophy that man is basically good and that society corrupts Charles FourierCharles Fourier Robert OwensRobert Owens Claude Henri de Saint SimonClaude Henri de Saint Simon Socialism: Put into effect by all classes and refers to a political economy that is controlled by the government; private property toleratedSocialism: Put into effect by all classes and refers to a political economy that is controlled by the government; private property tolerated Communism: directed by workingmen and refers to a political economy owned and controlled by the government. Private property outlawed.Communism: directed by workingmen and refers to a political economy owned and controlled by the government. Private property outlawed.

The Communist Manifesto: 1847 “Property is theft” Rejection of reform and Utopian Socialism- Hegelian Dialectic: Conflict!!!! Victory of the proletariat Ten Point Program Scathing Denunciation of the Present “A specter is haunting Europe—the specter of Communism” Final Challenge

Exile in England Five enforced exiles Criticizes Rev. of 1848: Motives of Self Interest Poverty and Sickness Stability in England Attack on Rivals Das Kapital: Treatise on Economics

Das Kapital Capitalism is doomed Two classes: Capitalists and Proletariats Workers work for true value: survival salary Worker works more hours than needed to earn salary Difference in hours needed for salary and hours for keeping job are PROFIT! System favors bigger manufacturers Labor demand  Labor saving machines BUT reduced labor cuts future profits. The more machines, the fewer workers the less profit—Failure Labor + materials SHOULD = cost of the item Instead, value is determined by demand… Dictatorship of the Proletariat workers eventually will not be able to afford the goods that they produce.

International Influence, disappointment and death The first International Workingmen’s Association 1864 In fighting Franco-Prussian War Last meeting of the First International 1879 Stalin born 1883 Marx Dies 1889 Second International