WORLD PHARMACY EDUCATION WORLD PHARMACY EDUCATION [SIERRA LEONE] 1

Outline Of Presentation OVERVIEW OF SIERRA LEONE MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS IN SIERRA LEONE PHARMACY GRADUATES EMPLOYMENT AND MARKET DEMANDS PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN SIERRA LEONE DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE SUGGESTED COOPERATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2

English is the official language, Krio(pidgin English ) is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. Low income countries with agriculture and mining contributing to the huge junk of GDP Coffee, cocoa, and fish are the major agricultural exports. diamonds, rutile, bauxite, gold, iron ore re mineral export 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mile ) and a population of 7,075,641 3

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SANITATION PROFESSIONAL. ADMINISTRATIVE POLITICAL PERMANENT SECRETARY MINISTER DOCTORS PHARMACIST NURSES 4

SPECIALIZED AND TEACHING HOSPITALS CONSULTANT AND SPECIALIST HEALTH OFFICERS REGIONAL AND DISTRICT HOSPITAL PERIPHERAL HEALTH UNITS SPECIALIST AND MEDICAL OFFICERS, PHARMACIST COMMUNITY HEALTH OFFICERS, NURSES TERTIARY HEALTHCARE SECONDARY HEALTHCARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE 5

HEALTH SECTOR REGULATORY BODIES HEALTH WORKFORCE AND INFRASTRUCTURE Medical dental council Pharmacy board and pharmaceutical society of sierra leone Nurses board Two doctors, one pharmacist and 17 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. 80 hospitals in the public, private and NGO sectors about 50 pharmacy importers and wholesalers Nearly 500 retail pharmacies and non operational drug manufacturing industry 6

Consists of retailers, marketers and local agents of the big international pharmaceutical firms Counterfeit and substandard medicines re threat to the pharmaceutical industry and public health in the entire region. Pharmacy board regulates all pharmaceuticals 7

HEALTH CARE STATUS Infant and maternal mortality rates remain the high Malaria remains the most common cause of illness and death in the country, accounting for about 50% of outpatient visits and 38% of hospital admissions. Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone is all but over after nearly 13,500 cases and almost 4,000 deaths 8

PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN SIERRA LEONE University of sierra Leone Njala UniversityUniversity of makeni The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FPS), College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS) B.Pharm (Hons) 5yers Programme through direct entry i.e. first degree or‘A’ level Pre pharmacy level for high school science students with WASSCE Diploma in pharmacy 9 through direct entry i.e. first degree or‘A’ level Pre pharmacy level for high school science students with WASSCE Diploma in pharmacy through direct entry i.e. first degree or‘A’ level Pre pharmacy level for high school science students with WASSCE Diploma in pharmacy

Phase one Second phase Phase three Year 1 and 2 Year 3 Year 4 nd 5 Core basic medical sciences, medical sociology, medical psychology and community medicine Basic pathological processes, mechanisms of disease and pharmacological basis of the treatment of disease pharmaceutical chemistry Equip students with the appropriate knowledge and skills in the core pharmaceutical disciplines prepare them for professional practice 10

CURRICULA FOR BACHELOR PROGRAM cont.. Teaching and learning methods  Lectures  Tutorials  Bed side teaching  Field visits  Laboratory Practical  E Learning – e.g. Audio visuals, simulations  Clinical skills Seminar presentations  Assignments  Mentorships  Research projects and report writing Assessment Strategy Level 1: Formative SAQs MCQs Practical (e.g. laboratory reports, case presentations Level 2– Summative MCQs SAQs OSCEs / Practical exams Structured oral exams 11

CURRICULA FOR MASTERS AND PHD Postgraduate programme in the school is not running normally, due to lack of requisite professors to teach all the related courses. University is in collaboration with sister universities in the west african sub region that organizes adhoc lectures and research supervision for postgraduate students in training. 12

13 Areas of practice PHARMACY GRADUATES EMPLOYMENT AND MARKET DEMAND  currently a 100% employment rate for graduates in the public or private settings  High demand due to shortage of pharmacist  Public sectors employs more pharmacist Regulatory Public health institution Hospital Academia Community pharmacy Research

14 COMMUNITY PHARMACY PRACTICE.

15 LICENSURE AND RE-LICENSURE Graduate students are mandated to go through a 12 months internship job trainings and pass registration exam Currently, pharmacists maintain their registration status through attendance of mandatory revalidation process called continuing professional development

16 DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE Applicants and Admission Criteria CHINASIERRA LEONE  either through successful completion of the COMAHS Pre-pharmacy programme or through direct entry depending on the stated admission criteria  Final selection is subjected to a successful interview  All students interested in higher education take a standardized college entrance examination  admitted solely on the basis of these standardized entrance examination scores Degree TitleBS Pharmacy B.Pharm (Hons) Years of pharmacy school4-5 yearsFive years

There is a standard curricula 17 No standardized curricula or accreditation requirements A separate 5 years ungraduated trainings for Clinical Pharmacy There is no fellowship speciality training Clinical Training only for Clinical Pharmacy students Undergoes fellowship speciality training through the West African Postgraduate college of Pharmacist Clinical training for all students in B.Pharm(Hons) training Curriculum Clinical/residency training Specialty training Licensing/ Certification/ Registration  Passing the licensure examination is not required for all areas of pharmacy practice  licensed pharmacist can supervises other unlicensed Pharmacists  Graduates must pass the board’s registration exam in order to be practice.  Every pharmacist must be registered to practice There is a standard curricula No standardized curricula or accreditation requirements A separate 5 years ungraduated trainings for Clinical Pharmacy There is no fellowship speciality training Clinical Training only for Clinical Pharmacy students Undergoes fellowship speciality training through the West African Postgraduate college of Pharmacist Clinical training for all students in B.Pharm(Hons) training  Graduates must pass the board’s registration exam in order to be practice.  Every pharmacist must be registered to practice Licensing/ Certification/ Registration  Passing the licensure examination is not required for all areas of pharmacy practice  licensed pharmacist can supervises other unlicensed Pharmacists  Graduates must pass the board’s registration exam in order to be practice.  Every pharmacist must be registered to practice

18 SUGGESTED CO-OPERATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND SIERRA LEONE. COOPERATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION  Pharmacy schools in China establishes exchange programs with the Pharmacy school in Sierra Leone. Especially for postgraduates studies to build capacity for the academic workforce  Opportunities for exchange of natural products in the form of Collaborative Research between China and Sierra Leone for potential leads in drug development and production  Improve coordination and harmonization of anti- counterfeiting efforts between both countries, providing Members with effective anti- counterfeiting legislation to adapt to their own needs, and assisting in the development of anti- counterfeiting technologies  To help with the required resources to start production of health care products for priority endemic diseases (PED). This could help citizens with a sustained access to affordable and quality medicines, job creation and economic development  Parallel pharmaceutical trade

19 Chinese Pharmaceutical Educational system should in cooperate an harmonized study curriculum Admission requirement for bachelor degree should be restricted to only science high school student who passed chemistry,math and English in addition to other science subject at university entrance exam Basic medical sciences like anatomy, physiology and biochemistry should start to be taught at first nd second year Qualified lecturers with good proficiency in English are needed especilly for english tught progrm Chinese pharmaceutical educational system should in cooperate an harmonized study curriculum Admission requirement for bachelor degree should be restricted to only science high school student who passed chemistry,math and english in addition to other science subject at university entrance exam Basic medical sciences like anatomy, physiology and biochemistry should start to be taught at first nd second year Qualified lecturers with good proficiency in english are needed especilly for english tught progrm

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!! 20