North v South, Slavery, Abolition Sectionalism

North Industrial Revolution- a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production, began in the mid 1700’s Textiles- cloth items Technology- the tools used to produce items or to do work.

North Eli Whitney- an American inventor in the late 1700’s Invented interchangeable parts Invented the cotton gin in 1793.

North Interchangeable parts- process of making vital parts to a machine exactly the same. Mass production- making large numbers of goods that are exactly alike. Francis Cabot Lowell- American manufacturer who revolutionized the textile industry. Lowell system- the practice of Lowell hiring young unmarried girls to work in his mills. He housed them beside the factories.

North Trade unions- workers join together to try to get better pay, shorter hours, and better working conditions. Railroad system- Railroads sprung up all over the North between Made shipping faster and cheaper. Tariff- Tax on imports and exports

North Samuel F.B. Morse- invented the telegraph. This became a faster way to send a message than mail. Morse code- dots and dashes are used to represent letters of the alphabet.

South Cotton Gin- invented by Eli Whitney in A wooden box with stiff wire teeth used to separate the seeds from the cotton. Slavery was dying off before this invention. This invention made slavery profitable and greatly increased the demand for slaves.

Why the Cotton Gin Increased Slavery Clean More (start here) Clean More (start here) Sell More Sell More BUY More Land BUY More Land BUY More Slaves BUY More Slaves Grow More Grow More

Cotton Kingdom Cotton Kingdom- The 7 deep Southern states where cotton was the major crop. SC, GA, AL, MS, AR. LA, and TX. These 7 grew most of the cotton the US produced

Cotton Conditions needed to grow cotton- – 1. Rich fertile soil – days of frost free growth Plantations- large farms that usually specialize in growing one kind of crop.

Everybody in the South owned slaves Common thought but wrong. Only 25% of the South owned slaves = ¼ People who owned slaves had a higher social position than those that did not.

Slave Codes Slave codes- laws to control slave behavior – Slaves could not make any kind of contract including marriage – Slaves were not allowed to read and write – Slaves were not allowed to hit or insult whites – Slaves were not allowed to have liquor – Slaves were not allowed to have weapons – Any slave who acts in a dangerous way can be whipped

Slave codes – Any slave away from their plantation had to have a pass – No slave could testify in court – Serious crimes such as murder, arson, or running away will be punished by death – If a slave steals anything the letter “R” will be branded on his/her cheek – It was illegal for more than 5 slaves to gather together off of a plantation

Nat Turner Nat Turner- a slave from VA who believed that God called on him to end slavery. He led a slave revolt Nat Turner’s Rebellion- Turner led a group of slaves that ended up killing 60 white people in the area. More than 100 slaves were killed trying to stomp out the rebellion. Turner was caught and executed.

Slave Life Life was hard for slaves, but the found ways to adjust Folktales- stories with a moral, to teach lessons about how to survive under slavery. Spirituals- emotional Christian songs that blend African and European music, to express their religious beliefs.

Abolition Abolition- to do away with, seeking the complete end to slavery Emancipation- freedom from slavery

William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison- the most outspoken and controversial abolitionist leader. He published an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator The Liberator- anti-slavery newspaper that began in 1831 American Anti-Slavery Society- founded by Garrison, this group wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans.

Angelina and Sarah Grimke’ Angelina and Sarah Grimke’- two white Southern women, born into a slave holding family, who became well known anti-slavery activists. They became the first women to publicly speak before both men and women at an American Anti-slavery society meeting.

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass- a runaway slave who became the most powerful anti-slavery spokesman. As a slave he taught himself to read and write. Wrote an autobiography The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass and published his own abolitionist newspaper The North Star

Underground Railroad Underground Railroad- a network of people, transportation, and hiding places for fugitives, or escaped slaves. The people helping escaped slaves were known as conductors. It was not a physical train that went under the ground!

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman- She was the most famous conductor on the underground RR. She was an escaped slave who made 19 trips back South to lead more than 300 slaves to freedom.

Henry “Box” Brown Henry “Box” Brown- A slave from VA who arranged to have himself mailed to Philadelphia.